Microbiology 26: Fever In Returning Traveller Flashcards
List the 5 types of plasmodium that cause malaria ?
P.falciparum P.vivax P.ovale P.Malariae P.knowlesi
What is the initial treatment for non-falciparum malaria ?
Chloroquine
How is malaria diagnosed ?
Rapid diagnostic test
Thick and thin blood film
What does the thick blood film tell you ?
allows you to see if there are parasites
What does a thin blood film tell you ?
Gives you a closer look at what type of parasite/species
Allows you to quantify the parasitaemia
List 3 side effects of quinine ?
Cinchonism- dizzy, nauesues, vomiting
Arrhythmias
Hyperinsulinaemia
List 2 features on blood film suggestive of falciparum malaria ?
Headphone shaped parasites in red cells
Red cells with more than 1 parasite in it
What is the treatment of severe malaria ?
IV artusanate
(If not available then IV quinine)
followed by artemisinin + lumefantrine
Which disease presents with arthralgia, myalgia, retro-orbital headache, fever and rash ?
Dengue
Sphygmothermic dissociation is associated with which disease ? (When your Heart rate is relatively bradycardic for the high temperature)
Typhoid fever
Rose spots are pathognomonic of which disease ?
Typhoid fever
Which mosquito causes Dengue ?
AIDES
list diseases mosquitoes can cause
malaria encephalitis dengue yellow fever west nile virus zika virus
features of severe malaria
high parasitaeima altered consciousness with/ without seizures ARDS circulatory collapse metabolic acidosis renal failure, haemoglobinuria hepatic failure coagulopathy +/- DIC severe anaemia hypoglycaemia
treatment for mild falciparum malaria
oral malarone (atovaquone + proguanil) artermisinin combination therapy (artemesin + lumefantrine) oral quinine (with doxy/clindamycin)
hwta is the treatment of choice for severe malaria
IV artesunate
list clinical features of dengue fever
fever headache myalgia erythrodermic rash bleeidng hepatitis if severe - encephalitis, myocarditis can progress to dengue haemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock inv = serology, PCR treatment: supportive
features of typhoid fever
gram negative rod
vaccine only partially effective against S typhi, so protection against S paratyphi
high fever, headache, rose spots, constipation, dry cough
complications: GI bleeding, perforation, encephalopathy
treatment for typhoid fever
empirical ceftriaxone
azithromycin
features of infectious mononucleosis
EBV/CMV tonsillar enlargement with exudates atypical lymphocytosis inv: monospot, igM + EBV/CMV always consider HIV
