Microbiology 21: Antimicrobial Agents 2 Flashcards
What are the 2 common organisms that cause skin infections such as Impetigo or Cellulitis ?
What antibiotic is commonly used to treat these ?
Staph Aureus
Beta haemolytic streptococcus
Flucloxacilin
Which 2 toxicitys must you consider when giving aminoglycosides ?
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Which antibiotic is common used to treat mild typical CAP ?
Amoxicillin
What is the most common causative organism of CAP ?
Streptococcus pneumonia
List 3 atypical organisms that cause CAP ?
Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia
Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Bacterial meningitis ?
Ceftriaxone
Why is ceftriaxone not given to children under 3 months of age ?
Causes biliary sludging
List 2 sequele you worry about after a streptococcal infection ?
Glomerulonepohritis
Rheumatic fever
Which antibiotics are commonly used to treat HAP ?
Amixicillin + gentamicin
or
Tazocin
Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat simple cystitis in the community setting ?
Trimethoprim
Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Hospital acquired UTI ?
Cephalexin or augmentin
Which antibiotic is common used to treat atypical CAP ?
Macrolide (Erythromycin/Clarythromycin) + Tetracycline (doxycycline)
Which antibiotic is common used to treat severe typical CAP ?
Penicillin (Co-amoxiclav) + Macrolide (Clarithromycin)
Which antibiotics are used to treat HAP due to aspiration ?
Cefuroxime + metronidazole
Which antibiotics are used to treat atypical CAP with confirmed legionella ?
Rifampicin + Macrolide (Erythromycin, Clarythromycin)
Which antibiotics could be used to treat HAP with Pseudomonass spp. ?
Tazocin (pippericilin + Tazobactam) or ciprofloxacin + gentamicin
What is the treatment for primary Syphilis ?
IM benzyl penicillin
What is the treatment for N.Ghonorrhoea ?
IM ceftriaxone
What is the treatment for Chlamydia ?
Doxycycline (or azithromycin)
What is the treatment for BV?
Metronidazole
What is the treatment for Trichomoniasis ?
Metronidazole
What is the treatment of bacterial meningitis due to N.meningitidis or S.Pneumonia ?
Ceftriaxone + Prednisolone
What is the treatment of bacterial meningitis due to Listeria ?
Ceftriaxone + Ampicillin + Prednisolone
What is the treatment of PID ?
IM Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole
name two methods of antibiotic susceptibility testing
MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)
Agar disc diffusion method
when is IV to PO switching of antibiotics usually recommended
if the patient has stabilised after 48 hrs of IV treatment
describe the 3 main patterns of antibiotic activity
TYPE 1: concentration dependent killing and prolonged persistent effects eg aminoglycosides
TYPE 2: time dependent killing and minimal persistent effects eg carbapenems
TYPE 3: time dependent killing and moderate to prolonged persistent effects
what are the lengths of treatment for the following:
- N meningitidis meningitis
- Acute osteomyelitis
- bacterial endocarditis
- group A strep pharyngitis
- simple cystitis
1 - 7 days 2 - 6 weeks 3 - 4-6 weeks 4 - 10 days 5 - 3 days
antibiotic or choices for:
1 - pharyngitis
2 - mild CAP
3 - severe CAP
1 - ben pen 10 days
2 - amoxicillin
3 - co-amoxiclav + clarythromycin
antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis
ceftriaxone
(+ amoxicillin if listeria likely)
baby <3 months - cefotaxime + amoxicillin
nisseria meningitidis - ben pen
antibiotic treatment for:
1 - simple cystitis
2 - hospital acquired UTI
3 - infected urinary catheter
1 - trimethoprim 3 days
2 - cephalexin/ augmentin
3 - gentamicin
