Microbiology 21: Antimicrobial Agents 2

Question 1

What are the 2 common organisms that cause skin infections such as Impetigo or Cellulitis ?

What antibiotic is commonly used to treat these ?

Answer 1

Staph Aureus
Beta haemolytic streptococcus

Flucloxacilin

Question 2

Which 2 toxicitys must you consider when giving aminoglycosides ?

Answer 2

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Question 3

Which antibiotic is common used to treat mild typical CAP ?

Answer 3

Amoxicillin

Question 4

What is the most common causative organism of CAP ?

Answer 4

Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 5

List 3 atypical organisms that cause CAP ?

Answer 5

Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

Question 6

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Bacterial meningitis ?

Answer 6

Ceftriaxone

Question 7

Why is ceftriaxone not given to children under 3 months of age ?

Answer 7

Causes biliary sludging

Question 8

List 2 sequele you worry about after a streptococcal infection ?

Answer 8

Glomerulonepohritis

Rheumatic fever

Question 9

Which antibiotics are commonly used to treat HAP ?

Answer 9

Amixicillin + gentamicin
or
Tazocin

Question 10

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat simple cystitis in the community setting ?

Answer 10

Trimethoprim

Question 11

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Hospital acquired UTI ?

Answer 11

Cephalexin or augmentin

Question 12

Which antibiotic is common used to treat atypical CAP ?

Answer 12

Macrolide (Erythromycin/Clarythromycin) + Tetracycline (doxycycline)

Question 13

Which antibiotic is common used to treat severe typical CAP ?

Answer 13

Penicillin (Co-amoxiclav) + Macrolide (Clarithromycin)

Question 14

Which antibiotics are used to treat HAP due to aspiration ?

Answer 14

Cefuroxime + metronidazole

Question 15

Which antibiotics are used to treat atypical CAP with confirmed legionella ?

Answer 15

Rifampicin + Macrolide (Erythromycin, Clarythromycin)

Question 16

Which antibiotics could be used to treat HAP with Pseudomonass spp. ?

Answer 16

Tazocin (pippericilin + Tazobactam) or ciprofloxacin + gentamicin

Question 17

What is the treatment for primary Syphilis ?

Answer 17

IM benzyl penicillin

Question 18

What is the treatment for N.Ghonorrhoea ?

Answer 18

IM ceftriaxone

Question 19

What is the treatment for Chlamydia ?

Answer 19

Doxycycline (or azithromycin)

Question 20

What is the treatment for BV?

Answer 20

Metronidazole

Question 21

What is the treatment for Trichomoniasis ?

Answer 21

Metronidazole

Question 22

What is the treatment of bacterial meningitis due to N.meningitidis or S.Pneumonia ?

Answer 22

Ceftriaxone + Prednisolone

Question 23

What is the treatment of bacterial meningitis due to Listeria ?

Answer 23

Ceftriaxone + Ampicillin + Prednisolone

Question 24

What is the treatment of PID ?

Answer 24

IM Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole

Question 25

name two methods of antibiotic susceptibility testing

Answer 25

MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)

Agar disc diffusion method

Question 26

when is IV to PO switching of antibiotics usually recommended

Answer 26

if the patient has stabilised after 48 hrs of IV treatment

Question 27

describe the 3 main patterns of antibiotic activity

Answer 27

TYPE 1: concentration dependent killing and prolonged persistent effects eg aminoglycosides

TYPE 2: time dependent killing and minimal persistent effects eg carbapenems

TYPE 3: time dependent killing and moderate to prolonged persistent effects

Question 28

what are the lengths of treatment for the following:

• N meningitidis meningitis
• Acute osteomyelitis
• bacterial endocarditis
• group A strep pharyngitis
• simple cystitis

Answer 28

1 - 7 days 
2 - 6 weeks 
3 - 4-6 weeks 
4 - 10 days 
5 - 3 days

Question 29

antibiotic or choices for:
1 - pharyngitis
2 - mild CAP
3 - severe CAP

Answer 29

1 - ben pen 10 days
2 - amoxicillin
3 - co-amoxiclav + clarythromycin

Question 30

antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis

Answer 30

ceftriaxone
(+ amoxicillin if listeria likely)

baby <3 months - cefotaxime + amoxicillin

nisseria meningitidis - ben pen

Question 31

antibiotic treatment for:
1 - simple cystitis
2 - hospital acquired UTI
3 - infected urinary catheter

Answer 31

1 - trimethoprim 3 days
2 - cephalexin/ augmentin
3 - gentamicin