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Year 5 Pathology Revision > Microbiology 22: Opportunistic Viral Infections > Flashcards

Microbiology 22: Opportunistic Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 organisms can cause Infective mononucleosis ?

A

CMV

EBV

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2
Q

Which genetic mutation gives a predisposition to invasive Herpes simplex encephalitis ?

A

UNC93B

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3
Q

What type of virus is HIV ?

A

Lentivirus

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4
Q

Which cells does HIV target ?

A

CD4+ T cells

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5
Q

Which Virus causes Kaposi Sarcoma ?

A

HHV8

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6
Q

Which virus causes Burkitss lymphoma in HIV patients?

A

EBV

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7
Q

Which infections are people receiving anti -TNF therapy particularly predisposed to ?

A

Intracellular infections- TB

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8
Q

Can BMT patients receive VZV vaccination ?

A

No because it is a live virus and they are immunocompromised.

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9
Q

What is the difference in Immunocompromise of solid organ and bone marrow transplant patients ?

A

BMT patients are the most immunocompromised just before receiving the transplant because their own bone marrow is wiped out. After receiving the transplant a new immune system has to be established from the donors bone marrow.

Solid organ patients are less immunocompromised but then have to suppress their immune system for the rest of their lives.

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10
Q

List different herpes viruses ?

A 
HSV 1 and 2
VZV
CMV
EBV
HHV8
HHV6
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11
Q

Where does VZV lay dormant ?

A

Dorsal root ganglia

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12
Q

In which cells does CMV lay dormant ?

A

Monocytes

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13
Q

In which cells does EBV lay dormant ?

A

B lymphocytes

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14
Q

What is the main treatment for HSV infection ?

A

Acyclovir

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15
Q

What are 2 treatment/prophylaxis of VZV options for immunocompromised or pregnant women ?

A

Prophylactic aciclovir

Post-exposure prophylaxis with VZig

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16
Q

Which virus is associated with Progressive leukoencephalopathy ?

A

JC virus

17
Q

Which virus causes mouth ulcers in post transplant patients ?

A

HSV

18
Q

Which viruses causes a patient to be very unwell and appear septic with high fevers post bone marrow transplant ?

A

Adenovirus

19
Q

What is the typical serology of a patient with chronic hepatitis B infection ?

A

HBs Ag +ve
IgG HBc antibodies +ve
IgM HBc antibodies -ve
HBs antibodies -ve

20
Q

List 2 things that are caused by EBV in HIV patients ?

A

oral hairy leukoplakia

lymphomas: Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s

21
Q

Which disease is caused by EBV in patients post transplant?

A

post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)

22
Q

Which virus causes graft rejection ?

A

HHV6

23
Q

list some primary causes of immunocompromise

A 
UNC93B deficiency and TLR3 deficiency 
SCID 
epidermodysplasia verruciformis 
STIM1 
haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in perforin deficiency
24
Q

list some of the major classes of immunosuppressive drugs

A

glucocorticoids/steroids
calcineurin inhibitors
antiproliferative agents - azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil

25
Q

when do infections commonly occur after BM transplants

A

early (within 1 month)
from graft - HBV
reactivation from host - HSV
new infection - VZV

26
Q

symptoms and complications of HSV

A

symptoms: cold sores, stomatitis, mouth ulcers, recurrent genital disease
complications: cutaneous dissemination, oesophagitis, hepatitis, viraemia

27
Q

HSV treatment

A

aciclovir/ varaciclovir

foscarnet

28
Q

VZV manifestations

A 
skin lesions 
pneumonitis 
encephalitis 
hepatitis 
purpura fulminans in neonates
acute retinal necrosis 
VZV-assciated vasculopathy 
shingles = late manifestation
29
Q

CMV manifestations

A

retinitis
encephalitis
pneumonia
gasteoenteritis

histology - owls eye

30
Q

EBV treatment in immunosuppression

A

reduce immunosuppression

anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (rituximab)

31
Q

histology of kaposi sarcoma

A

spindle cell proliferation
neo-angiogenesis
inglammation and oedema

tx = chemo and antiviral therapy

32
Q

features of JC virus

A

associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
demyelination of white matter
diagnosis: MRI and PCR of CSF

33
Q

features of BK virus

A

polyomavirus
dsDNA
can cause: BK cystitis, BK nephropathy
treat by reducing immunosuppression

34
Q

manifestations of adenovirus

A

problem after BM transplant

fever, encephalitis, penumonitis, colitis

35
Q

which respiratory viruses are concerning in the immunocompromised

A 
influenza A + B 
parainfluenza
RSV 
adenovirus 
MERS
36
Q

features of human parovirus B19

A

causes chronic anaemia in the immunocompromised
diagnosis - blood PCR
treatment - IVIG

Year 5 Pathology Revision (106 decks)

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