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Reproductive > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which papillomavirus types cause genital wars and dysplasias?

A

6
11
16
18

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2
Q

Are there vaccines avaiable for papillomaviruses?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What are the 2 treatments available for papillomaviruses?

A

Podophyllin

Cryotherapy

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4
Q

Which serotypes of C. trachomatis cause non-sepcific urethritis?

A

D-K

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5
Q

Which serotype of C. trachomatis causes lymphogranuloma vernereum?

A

L

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6
Q

What is the most common STD in the US?

A

Chlamydia

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7
Q

What are the 2 DOC’s for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

Doxy

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8
Q

What is the bug to cuase vaginal thrush?

A

C. albicans

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9
Q

What are the 2 DOC’s for C. albicans?

A

Nystatin, Fluconazole

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10
Q

This is the bug that is often asymptomatic, causes 50% of curable vaginal infections worldwide, and can present as vaginitis and urethritis?

A

T. vaginalis

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11
Q

What is the DOC for T. vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

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12
Q

Which HSV’s cause genital herpes?

A

HSV 1 and 2

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13
Q

What is the DOC for HSV?

A

ACV

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14
Q

What is the bug that causes Syphilis?

A

T. palldium

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15
Q

What is the DOC for T. pallidum?

A

PCN

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16
Q

What is the hepatitis strain that is an STD, and can be treated with lamivudine, tenofovir, and INFa?

A

HBV

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17
Q

What is the manifestation of H. ducreyi?

A

Painful chancroid

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18
Q

What are the 2 DOC’s for H. ducreyi?

A

Azithromycin

Ceftriaxone

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19
Q

What is the bug that causes genital scabies when human mite burrows into the upper skin layer?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

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20
Q

What is the DOC for S. scabiei?

A

Permethrin cream

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21
Q

What is the organism that causes pubic lice (Mr. Krabs in Bikini Bottom)?

A

Phthrius pubis

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22
Q

What is teh DOC for pubic lice?

A

Permethrin cream

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23
Q

C. trachomatis- gram stain

A

none. it’s intracellular.

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24
Q

C. trachomatis- 2 forms

A

EB- infectious extracellualr form

RB- repilcation

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25
Q

C. trachomatis- 2 stains to visualize

A

Iodine stain +

Giemsa stain +

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26
Q

C. trachomatis- inhibits what fusion in cells

A

inhibits fusion of lysosomes with chlamydia containing vesicels

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27
Q

C. trachomatis- discharge

A

Watery/white mucopurulent discharge

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28
Q

C. trachomatis- men Sx

A

urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, conjunctivits

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29
Q

C. trachomatis- systemic manifestation

A

Reiter’s syndrome

“Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree”

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30
Q

C. trachomatis- women Sx

A

urethritis, cervicitis, bartholinitis, salpingitis, conjunctivitis

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31
Q

C. trachomatis- fertile problems

A

ectopic pregnancy, infertility, systemic spread

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32
Q

C. trachomatis- neonate problems

A

conjunctivitis, interstitial pneumonitis

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33
Q

C. trachomatis- microscopic findings

A

many PMNs with no bugs

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34
Q

N. gonorrhea- gram stain/morphology

A

Gram - diplococci

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35
Q

N. gonorrhea- glucose, oxidase, catalase, maltose tests

A

Glucose/Oxidase +

Catalase/maltose -

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36
Q

N. gonorrhea- AA required for growth

A

Cys

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37
Q

N. gonorrhea- VF for infection

A

Pili

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38
Q

N. gonorrhea- VF for colonization and cellular uptake

A

IgA protease

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39
Q

N. gonorrhea- discharge

A

Mucopurulent creamy yellow discharge

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40
Q

N. gonorrhea- male Sx

A

urethritis, proctitis

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41
Q

N. gonorrhea- female Sx

A

Endocervicitis, PID, arthritis

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42
Q

N. gonorrhea- infant Sx

A

Opthlamia (leads to blindness)

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43
Q

N. gonorrhea- agar

A

Thayer-Martin

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44
Q

N. gonorrhea- DOC

A

Ceftriaxone

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45
Q

T. pallidum- morphology

A

Spirochetes

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46
Q

T. pallidum- duration of each stage

A

Primary syphilis- 1-3mo
Secondary- 2-6wks
Tertiary/3o- 3-30yrs

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47
Q

T. pallidum- primary Sx

A

Painless chancre

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48
Q

T. pallidum- secondary Sx

A

Copper-colored nickle and dime rash, INCLUDING your palms and soles, moth eaten alopecia

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49
Q

T. pallidum- tertiary Sx

A

go crazy
Cardio problems
Gummas

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50
Q

T. pallidum- Dx method

A

dark-field microscopy

51
Q

T. pallidum- nontreponemal tests

A

VDRL and RPR

52
Q

T. pallidum- treponemal tests

A

indirect fluroescent Ab, particle agglutination

53
Q

H. ducreyi- gram stain/shape

A

Gram - pleomorphic rods

54
Q

H. ducreyi- appearance on microscopy

A

School of fish clusters

55
Q

H. ducreyi- prevlaence

A

Africa and Asia

most common cuase of genital ulcers in those places

56
Q

H. ducreyi- Sx

A

PAINFUL chancre with local lymphadenitis

57
Q

H. ducreyi- agar

A

Chocolate agar (X and V)

58
Q

H. ducreyi- Tx

A

macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin)

ceftriaxone

59
Q

S. scabiei- characteristics

A

mites with 4 legs, tortise-like bodies and multiple cuticular spines

60
Q

S. scabiei- risk group

A

institutionalized pts

61
Q

S. scabiei- pathogenesis

A

female buries into skin and deposits eggs –> 3-4 days they hatch and migrate to skin surface –> veiscles –> larvae molt and turn into nymphs –> nymphs turn into adult mites

62
Q

S. scabiei- Sx

A

intense itching

63
Q

S. scabiei- DOC

A

Sabicides, permethrin cream

64
Q

P. pubis- characterisitcs

A

round body with 4 legs, thick back legs, claws

65
Q

P. pubis- pathogenesis

A

eggs laid in pubic hairs –> 6-8 they hatch –> 3 nymphal stages before adult develops –> adults live for 30 days and feed on blood

this is some scary shit.

66
Q

P. pubis- Sx

A

itching from hypersensitivity to louse saliva, maculae caerulae at the feeding site

67
Q

C. albicans- morphology

A

pseudohyphae in tissues, germ tubes in serum

68
Q

C. albicans- risk gorup

A

Immunocompromised, use of antibiotics, IVDU, diabetics

69
Q

C. albicans- discharge

A

Cottage cheese, not smelly

70
Q

C. albicans- lab prep

A

KOH (shows pseudohyphae and true hyphae with budding yeasts)

71
Q

C. albicans- agar

A

saburaud dextrose

72
Q

C. albicans- topical Tx

A

Imidazoles and nystatin

73
Q

C. albicans- disseminated Tx

A

amphotericin B or fluconazole

74
Q

T. vaginalis- morphology

A

anaerobic, tear-drop shaped trophozoites with 5 flagella, resides as cysts in SkM

75
Q

T. vaginalis- pathogenesis

A

binds to surface proteins, phagocytosis of vaginal bacteria and host cells, and endocytosis of host proteins

76
Q

T. vaginalis- Discharge

A

Frothy yellow-green malodorous

77
Q

T. vaginalis- Sx

A

Strawberry cervix, urethritis (symptomatic only in Females)

78
Q

T. vaginalis- Dx

A

motile trophozoites in methelene blue we mount

79
Q

Papillomaviruses- shape/DNA/capsid

A

circular dsDNA Naked, icosahedral

80
Q

Papillomaviruses- reservoir

A

human skin/genitals

81
Q

Papillomaviruses- transmission

A

direct contact, fomites

82
Q

Papillomaviruses- Sx

A

Anogenital warts

83
Q

Papillomaviruses- findings on Pap smear

A

koilocytic cells

84
Q

HSV1&2- shape/DNA/capsid

A

large dsDNA, enveloped, icosahedral

85
Q

HSV1&2- reservoir

A

human mucosa and ganglia

86
Q

HSV1&2- transmission

A

close contact (kissing, sex)

87
Q

HSV1&2- pathogenesis

A

infects epithelial cells and causes vesicles, resides in ganglia for lifelong infection

88
Q

HSV1&2- Sx

A 
Cold sores/genital vesicles
Gingivostomatitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Meingoencephalitis
Genital infections
Neonatal herpes
89
Q

HSV1&2- findings of Tzank smear

A

multinucleared giant cells and COWDRY type A intranuclear inclusions

90
Q

HSV1&2- Tx

A

ACV

91
Q

HIV- genome

A

+ ssRNA

92
Q

HIV- early/late coreceptors

A

Early- CCR5 (macrophages)

Later- CXCR4 (T cells)

93
Q

HIV- mechanism to evade immune system

A

glycosylation of surface Ag’s and antigenic drift

94
Q

HIV- Dx

A

Ab’s in 6-9 weeks detected by ELISA, western

95
Q

HIV- Tx

A

AZT/HAART

96
Q

HBV- shape/DNA/capsid

A

dsDNA, enveloped, icosahedral

97
Q

HBV- pathogenesis

A

host immune response causes hepatocellular dmg, especially by CTLs and inflammatory cells

98
Q

HBV- acute Sx

A

occasionally severe hepatitis

99
Q

HBV- chronic Sx

A

10% adults, 90% infants

cirrhosis and can cause primary hepatocellular carcinoma

100
Q

HBV- Dx

A

HBsAg (active infection)

HBcAg (core Ag)

101
Q

HBV- marker for immunity

A

HBsAb

102
Q

HBV- Tx

A

Antivirals
INFa
Peg INF

103
Q

HBV- vaccine

A

Recombinant

104
Q

What are the 4 ulcerative STDs?

A

Granuloma inguinale (Kleb granulomatis)
Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
Syphilis (T. pallidum)
Lymphogranuloma venerem (C. trachmatis)

105
Q

What are the 4 non-gononnachocal urethritis (NGU) bugs?

A

Chlamydia
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma henitalium
Ureaplasma urealyticum

106
Q

Which big is intracellular, causes beefy red ulcers, and u see donovan bodies on microscopy?

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

107
Q

What is the Tx for K. granulomatis?

A

TMP-SMZ or doxycycline

108
Q

Case: newborn presents with mucopurulent rhinitis. What infection did mom have?

A

Syphilis

109
Q

What form of syphilis shows up with gummas, VIII deafness, notched incisors, raspberry molars, saber shins, and a saddle nose?

A

Late congenital syphilis

110
Q

What is the most common cause of vaginitis?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

111
Q

True or False: bacterial vaginosis is considered an STD.

A

False

112
Q

What is the discarge of vaginosis?

A

malodorous, thin, gray

113
Q

What is seen on gram stain in vaginosis?

A

Clue cells (vaginal epithelial covered with bacteria)

114
Q

What is the vaginal pH in vaginosis?

A

> 4.5

115
Q

What is the whiff test reveal in vaginosis?

A

fishy odor, from vaginal fluid mixed with KOH causes the release of amines

116
Q

Which HPV serotypes lead to warts?

A

16 and 18

117
Q

Which protein does HIV use to attahc to host CD4 T cell?

A

Gp120

118
Q

What protein does HIV use for fusion and entry?

A

Gp41

119
Q

This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as a G- rod, H2S+, can cause bloody diarrhea, and comes from chicken.

A

Salmonella

120
Q

This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as a G- rod, has exotoxin that inactivates 60s ribosome, oxidase neg, H2S-, bloody diarrhea.

A

Shigella

121
Q

This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as a short disease, low grade fever, nausea, RUQ tenderness, hepatocyte apoptosis, and from eating bad seafood.

A

HAV

122
Q

This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as bloating, really bad steatorrhea, has rastafari face on microscopy, and is from beavers.

A

Giardia inestinalis

123
Q

This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as a bloody diarrhea, from camping, liver abscesses, flask shaped ulcers, and has a trophozoite and cyst form.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Reproductive (6 decks)

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