Microbiology Flashcards
1
Q
Which papillomavirus types cause genital wars and dysplasias?
A
6
11
16
18
2
Q
Are there vaccines avaiable for papillomaviruses?
A
Yes
3
Q
What are the 2 treatments available for papillomaviruses?
A
Podophyllin
Cryotherapy
4
Q
Which serotypes of C. trachomatis cause non-sepcific urethritis?
A
D-K
5
Q
Which serotype of C. trachomatis causes lymphogranuloma vernereum?
A
L
6
Q
What is the most common STD in the US?
A
Chlamydia
7
Q
What are the 2 DOC’s for chlamydia?
A
Azithromycin
Doxy
8
Q
What is the bug to cuase vaginal thrush?
A
C. albicans
9
Q
What are the 2 DOC’s for C. albicans?
A
Nystatin, Fluconazole
10
Q
This is the bug that is often asymptomatic, causes 50% of curable vaginal infections worldwide, and can present as vaginitis and urethritis?
A
T. vaginalis
11
Q
What is the DOC for T. vaginalis?
A
Metronidazole
12
Q
Which HSV’s cause genital herpes?
A
HSV 1 and 2
13
Q
What is the DOC for HSV?
A
ACV
14
Q
What is the bug that causes Syphilis?
A
T. palldium
15
Q
What is the DOC for T. pallidum?
A
PCN
16
Q
What is the hepatitis strain that is an STD, and can be treated with lamivudine, tenofovir, and INFa?
A
HBV
17
Q
What is the manifestation of H. ducreyi?
A
Painful chancroid
18
Q
What are the 2 DOC’s for H. ducreyi?
A
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone
19
Q
What is the bug that causes genital scabies when human mite burrows into the upper skin layer?
A
Sarcoptes scabiei
20
Q
What is the DOC for S. scabiei?
A
Permethrin cream
21
Q
What is the organism that causes pubic lice (Mr. Krabs in Bikini Bottom)?
A
Phthrius pubis
22
Q
What is teh DOC for pubic lice?
A
Permethrin cream
23
Q
C. trachomatis- gram stain
A
none. it’s intracellular.
24
Q
C. trachomatis- 2 forms
A
EB- infectious extracellualr form
RB- repilcation
25
C. trachomatis- 2 stains to visualize
Iodine stain +
| Giemsa stain +
26
C. trachomatis- inhibits what fusion in cells
inhibits fusion of lysosomes with chlamydia containing vesicels
27
C. trachomatis- discharge
Watery/white mucopurulent discharge
28
C. trachomatis- men Sx
urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, conjunctivits
29
C. trachomatis- systemic manifestation
Reiter's syndrome
"Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree"
30
C. trachomatis- women Sx
urethritis, cervicitis, bartholinitis, salpingitis, conjunctivitis
31
C. trachomatis- fertile problems
ectopic pregnancy, infertility, systemic spread
32
C. trachomatis- neonate problems
conjunctivitis, interstitial pneumonitis
33
C. trachomatis- microscopic findings
many PMNs with no bugs
34
N. gonorrhea- gram stain/morphology
Gram - diplococci
35
N. gonorrhea- glucose, oxidase, catalase, maltose tests
Glucose/Oxidase +
| Catalase/maltose -
36
N. gonorrhea- AA required for growth
Cys
37
N. gonorrhea- VF for infection
Pili
38
N. gonorrhea- VF for colonization and cellular uptake
IgA protease
39
N. gonorrhea- discharge
Mucopurulent creamy yellow discharge
40
N. gonorrhea- male Sx
urethritis, proctitis
41
N. gonorrhea- female Sx
Endocervicitis, PID, arthritis
42
N. gonorrhea- infant Sx
Opthlamia (leads to blindness)
43
N. gonorrhea- agar
Thayer-Martin
44
N. gonorrhea- DOC
Ceftriaxone
45
T. pallidum- morphology
Spirochetes
46
T. pallidum- duration of each stage
Primary syphilis- 1-3mo
Secondary- 2-6wks
Tertiary/3o- 3-30yrs
47
T. pallidum- primary Sx
Painless chancre
48
T. pallidum- secondary Sx
Copper-colored nickle and dime rash, INCLUDING your palms and soles, moth eaten alopecia
49
T. pallidum- tertiary Sx
go crazy
Cardio problems
Gummas
50
T. pallidum- Dx method
dark-field microscopy
51
T. pallidum- nontreponemal tests
VDRL and RPR
52
T. pallidum- treponemal tests
indirect fluroescent Ab, particle agglutination
53
H. ducreyi- gram stain/shape
Gram - pleomorphic rods
54
H. ducreyi- appearance on microscopy
School of fish clusters
55
H. ducreyi- prevlaence
Africa and Asia
| most common cuase of genital ulcers in those places
56
H. ducreyi- Sx
PAINFUL chancre with local lymphadenitis
57
H. ducreyi- agar
Chocolate agar (X and V)
58
H. ducreyi- Tx
macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin)
| ceftriaxone
59
S. scabiei- characteristics
mites with 4 legs, tortise-like bodies and multiple cuticular spines
60
S. scabiei- risk group
institutionalized pts
61
S. scabiei- pathogenesis
female buries into skin and deposits eggs --> 3-4 days they hatch and migrate to skin surface --> veiscles --> larvae molt and turn into nymphs --> nymphs turn into adult mites
62
S. scabiei- Sx
intense itching
63
S. scabiei- DOC
Sabicides, permethrin cream
64
P. pubis- characterisitcs
round body with 4 legs, thick back legs, claws
65
P. pubis- pathogenesis
eggs laid in pubic hairs --> 6-8 they hatch --> 3 nymphal stages before adult develops --> adults live for 30 days and feed on blood
this is some scary shit.
66
P. pubis- Sx
itching from hypersensitivity to louse saliva, maculae caerulae at the feeding site
67
C. albicans- morphology
pseudohyphae in tissues, germ tubes in serum
68
C. albicans- risk gorup
Immunocompromised, use of antibiotics, IVDU, diabetics
69
C. albicans- discharge
Cottage cheese, not smelly
70
C. albicans- lab prep
KOH (shows pseudohyphae and true hyphae with budding yeasts)
71
C. albicans- agar
saburaud dextrose
72
C. albicans- topical Tx
Imidazoles and nystatin
73
C. albicans- disseminated Tx
amphotericin B or fluconazole
74
T. vaginalis- morphology
anaerobic, tear-drop shaped trophozoites with 5 flagella, resides as cysts in SkM
75
T. vaginalis- pathogenesis
binds to surface proteins, phagocytosis of vaginal bacteria and host cells, and endocytosis of host proteins
76
T. vaginalis- Discharge
Frothy yellow-green malodorous
77
T. vaginalis- Sx
Strawberry cervix, urethritis (symptomatic only in Females)
78
T. vaginalis- Dx
motile trophozoites in methelene blue we mount
79
Papillomaviruses- shape/DNA/capsid
circular dsDNA Naked, icosahedral
80
Papillomaviruses- reservoir
human skin/genitals
81
Papillomaviruses- transmission
direct contact, fomites
82
Papillomaviruses- Sx
Anogenital warts
83
Papillomaviruses- findings on Pap smear
koilocytic cells
84
HSV1&2- shape/DNA/capsid
large dsDNA, enveloped, icosahedral
85
HSV1&2- reservoir
human mucosa and ganglia
86
HSV1&2- transmission
close contact (kissing, sex)
87
HSV1&2- pathogenesis
infects epithelial cells and causes vesicles, resides in ganglia for lifelong infection
88
HSV1&2- Sx
```
Cold sores/genital vesicles
Gingivostomatitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Meingoencephalitis
Genital infections
Neonatal herpes
```
89
HSV1&2- findings of Tzank smear
multinucleared giant cells and COWDRY type A intranuclear inclusions
90
HSV1&2- Tx
ACV
91
HIV- genome
+ ssRNA
92
HIV- early/late coreceptors
Early- CCR5 (macrophages)
| Later- CXCR4 (T cells)
93
HIV- mechanism to evade immune system
glycosylation of surface Ag's and antigenic drift
94
HIV- Dx
Ab's in 6-9 weeks detected by ELISA, western
95
HIV- Tx
AZT/HAART
96
HBV- shape/DNA/capsid
dsDNA, enveloped, icosahedral
97
HBV- pathogenesis
host immune response causes hepatocellular dmg, especially by CTLs and inflammatory cells
98
HBV- acute Sx
occasionally severe hepatitis
99
HBV- chronic Sx
10% adults, 90% infants
cirrhosis and can cause primary hepatocellular carcinoma
100
HBV- Dx
HBsAg (active infection)
| HBcAg (core Ag)
101
HBV- marker for immunity
HBsAb
102
HBV- Tx
Antivirals
INFa
Peg INF
103
HBV- vaccine
Recombinant
104
What are the 4 ulcerative STDs?
Granuloma inguinale (Kleb granulomatis)
Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
Syphilis (T. pallidum)
Lymphogranuloma venerem (C. trachmatis)
105
What are the 4 non-gononnachocal urethritis (NGU) bugs?
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma henitalium
Ureaplasma urealyticum
106
Which big is intracellular, causes beefy red ulcers, and u see donovan bodies on microscopy?
Klebsiella granulomatis
107
What is the Tx for K. granulomatis?
TMP-SMZ or doxycycline
108
Case: newborn presents with mucopurulent rhinitis. What infection did mom have?
Syphilis
109
What form of syphilis shows up with gummas, VIII deafness, notched incisors, raspberry molars, saber shins, and a saddle nose?
Late congenital syphilis
110
What is the most common cause of vaginitis?
Bacterial vaginosis
111
True or False: bacterial vaginosis is considered an STD.
False
112
What is the discarge of vaginosis?
malodorous, thin, gray
113
What is seen on gram stain in vaginosis?
Clue cells (vaginal epithelial covered with bacteria)
114
What is the vaginal pH in vaginosis?
> 4.5
115
What is the whiff test reveal in vaginosis?
fishy odor, from vaginal fluid mixed with KOH causes the release of amines
116
Which HPV serotypes lead to warts?
16 and 18
117
Which protein does HIV use to attahc to host CD4 T cell?
Gp120
118
What protein does HIV use for fusion and entry?
Gp41
119
This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as a G- rod, H2S+, can cause bloody diarrhea, and comes from chicken.
Salmonella
120
This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as a G- rod, has exotoxin that inactivates 60s ribosome, oxidase neg, H2S-, bloody diarrhea.
Shigella
121
This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as a short disease, low grade fever, nausea, RUQ tenderness, hepatocyte apoptosis, and from eating bad seafood.
HAV
122
This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as bloating, really bad steatorrhea, has rastafari face on microscopy, and is from beavers.
Giardia inestinalis
123
This is an opportunistic infection that be an STI that presents as a bloody diarrhea, from camping, liver abscesses, flask shaped ulcers, and has a trophozoite and cyst form.
Entamoeba histolytica
