Microbiology Flashcards
Gram + Aerobic/facultative anaerobes
-Staphyloccus spp.
-Streptococcus spp.
-Enterococcus spp.
-Nocardia spp.
-Mycobacterium spp.
Gram - Aerobic/facultative anaerobes
-Enterobacteriaceae
-Pasteurella multocida (canis)
-Bordetella bronchiseptica
-Campylobacter spp.
Gram + strict anaerobes
-Clostridium spp.
-Actinomyces spp.
-Peptostretpococcus spp.
Gram - anaerobes
-Fusobacterium spp.
-Bacteriodes spp.
-Prevotella spp.
-Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Staphylococcus
-normal flora of the skin and mucous membranes in animals
-round and clustered
-dogs: staphylococcus pseudointermedius and staphylococcus schleiferi
-cats: staphylococcus pseudoinomedius
-development of methicillin-resistant strains
Streptococcus
-both pathogens and normal flora
-appear as chains
-beta (complete), alpha (partial), gamma (non) hemolytic
Dogs: streptococcus canis - pneumonia, UTIs, wound infections, toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis
-streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia in shelters
Enterococcus
-normal inhabitants of GI tract
-dogs and cats: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
-resistant to cephalosporins, macrolides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides
-faecalis are susceptible to penicillin, faecium resistant
Actinomyecetales
-Actinomyces, Nocardia, Mycobacterium
-Actinomyces our normal flora of the oral cavity and can cause severe deep bite wound infections
-treated with penicillin
-Nocardia and Mycobacterium are found in the environment and can cause opportunistic soft tissue infections
-TNS
Clostridium
-spore forming obligate anaerobes that inhabit the GI tract
- when inoculated by a penetrating wound, can cause severe necrotizing soft tissue infections or gas gangrene
-normal flora in dogs and cats
E. Coli
-UTI, aspiration pneumonia, cholangiohepatitis, pyometra
-Enrofloxacin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-cause opportunist infections such as pneumonia and surgical plant infections
-post grooming furunculosis
Pasteurella spp
-P. multocida and canis our normal flora of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract
-commonly isolated in bite wounds and lower respiratory samples
Bordetella bronchiseptica
-most common bacterial pathogen in the canine infectious respiratory disease complex
-doxycycline or enrofloxacin
Campylobacter
-spirochete-like
-normal flora of the GI tract of dogs and cats
-C. jejuni associated with diarrhea, zoonotic
-treat with macrolides
Leptospirosis
-AKI, thrombocytopenia
-zoonotic
-PCR of urine or blood is considered gold standard for diagnosis
-two week course of doxycycline is recommended to eliminate urine shedding
-in hospital treatment with IV ampicillin recommended during acute phase
-leptospiral pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome
Borrelia burgdorferi
-transmitted by Ixodes ticks, can lead to polyarthritis
-kidney injury associated with Lyme nephritis secondary to immune complex deposition
-Doxycycline
Mycoplasma spp.
-lacks cell wall, so resistant to beta-lactam antimicrobials
-M. hemofelis can cause severe immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in cats
-respiratory infection in dogs
Rickettsiaceae
-Obligate intracellular vector borne bacteria
-Anaplasma, Ehelichia
-causes lethargy, lameness, fever of unknown origin, thrombocytopenia
-R.rickettsii causes Rocky mountain spotted fever
-Neorickettsia helminthoeca should be considered in dogs who have eaten raw salmon. Causes vomiting, fever, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy
-Doxycycline
Bartonella
-facultative intercellular gram-negative bacteria
-encephalitis, endocarditis
Brucella species
-Brucella canis
-intracellular pathogen causes abortion in pregnant bitches, infertility and orchitis most common in males
-considered in patients with discospondylitis
Pasteurella multocida
-bacilli or coccobacilli
-gram neg
-broadly susceptible
Bordetella bronchiseptica
-gram neg coccobacilli with fimbriae and flagella
-has fimbrial adhesions that allow it to adhere to respiratory cilia
-has outer capsule that evades host defenses
-resistant to killing
-has a tracheal cytotoxin and dermonecrotic toxin that damages respiratory epithelium
What microbes cause septic peritonitis?
-E.coli
-Anaerobes
-Enterococcus
-strep, staph
-Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Acinectobacter
-Actinomyces, Pasteurella
-Gram negative enterobacteriaceae
E. coli
-gram neg
-LPS
-highly resistant
