microbiology

Question 1

what are the symptoms of primary gingivostomatitis due to HSV1?

Answer 1

fever
local lymphadenopathy
large cold sore looking lesions on lips, buccal mucosa and hards palate
commonly seen in pre-school children

Question 2

what is the treatment of primary gingivostomatitis due to HSV1?

Answer 2

aciclovir

Question 3

what bacteria causes syphilis?

Answer 3

treponema pallidum

Question 4

describe presentation of oral primary syphilis

Answer 4

painless ulcerated lesions on midline of upper and lower lips, non-tender bilateral sub-mandibular lymohadenopathy after unprotected oral sex

Question 5

describe apthous ulcers

Answer 5

Recurring painful ulcers of the mouth that are round or ovoid and have inflammatory halos
Confined to mouth
Absence of systemic disease
Begin in childhood, tend to abate in 3rd decade
Each ulcer lasts less than 3 weeks

Question 6

what conditions commonly cause recurrent oral ulcerations?

Answer 6

Bechet’s disease
coeliac / IBD
reiter’s (reactive arthritis)
drug reactions
skin diseases (lichen planus, pemphigus or pemphigoid)

Question 7

what are complications of sore throat caused by infection?

Answer 7

Otitis media (most common)
Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Parapharyngeal abscess
Lemierre Syndrome (Suppurative thrombophlebitis of jugular vein)

Question 8

what is the most common bacterial cause of sore throat?

Answer 8

streptococcus pyogenes (group a strep)

Question 9

what is the treatment of acute follicular tonsillitis caused by strep. pyogenes?

Answer 9

penicillin

Question 10

what are late complications of strep. pyogenes?

Answer 10

• Rheumatic fever
  3 weeks post sore throat
  fever, arthritis and pancarditis
• Glomerulonephritis
  1-3 weeks post sore throat
  haematuria, albuminuria and oedema

Question 11

what bacteria causes diptheria?

Answer 11

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 12

what is the presentation of diptheria?

Answer 12

severe sore throat with a grey white membrane across the pharynx

Question 13

what is the presentation of infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 13

teenagers / young adults
Fever
Enlarged lymph nodes
Sore throat, pharyngitis, tonsillitis
Malaise, lethargy

can also have hepatitis, splenomegaly, rash or leucocytosis

Question 14

what organism causes infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 14

epstein-barr virus (EBV)

Question 15

what is the presentation of oral thrush (candidiasis)?

Answer 15

white patches on red, raw mucous membranes in throat/ mouth

Question 16

what is the treatment for oral thrush?

Answer 16

nystatin liquid 1ml 4x daily for 7 days or until 48hrs after infection clears
or
miconazole 2% oral gel 4x daily for up to 7 days after infection clears
or
fluconazole 50mg daily for 7 days

basically common antifungals

Question 17

what are the most common bacterial causes of otitis media?

Answer 17

Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes

(same bacteria that cause acute sinusitis)

Question 18

what are the common bacterial causes of otitis externa?

Answer 18

Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus spp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 19

what are the common fungal causes of otitis externa?

Answer 19

Aspergillus niger
Candida albicans

Question 20

what are the most common bacterial causes of acute sinusitis?

Answer 20

Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes

(same bacteria that cause acute otitis media)