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STAGE 2 - Pharmacology and Drug Action > Microbiology 1 -Prokaryotes Inside and Out > Flashcards

Microbiology 1 -Prokaryotes Inside and Out Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial infection. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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2
Q

List 5 things bacteria should be able to do, to be classed as Pathogenic

A

1) Gain access to the host
2) Evade hosts defence mechanism
3) Colonise and maintain colony
4) Result in host toxicity or damage
5) Potential for spread of infection

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3
Q

State some key features of a Prokaryote Cell

A
  • Rigid and Complex cell wall (w/Appendages)
  • Simpler structure and smaller size than an eukaryotic cell
  • NO membrane -bound organelles (Nuclues, ER, Golgi, Mitochondria)
  • Single Circular DNA
  • Plasmid DNA = free in cytoplasm
  • Enzymes and Ribosomes also free in cytoplasm
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4
Q

Name 2 functions of Flagella

A

1) Motility

2) Acts as a Sensory Organelle

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5
Q

Name the function of Fimbriae and Pili

A
  • Cell Adhesion
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6
Q

What is the importance of Sex Pili ?

A

Important for movement of DNA b/wn cells by Conjugation

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7
Q

What is Conjugation ?

A

Transfer of genetic material b/wn bacterial cells by direct cell to cell contact
or; by bridge-like connection b/wn cells

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8
Q

What is the main function of a bacterial Capsule ?

A
  • For Protection
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9
Q

State the 2 main functions of the Cell wall of a prokaryotic cell ?

A
  • Provide structure to the cell

- Maintain positive internal osmotic pressure

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10
Q

Cell wall contains Peptidoglycan. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What is Peptidoglycan comprised of ?

A

Disaccharides + Amino acids

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12
Q

The cell wall is a common target for Antibacterial therapy. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Variation in peptidoglycan structure allows for differentiation b/wn Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Gram +ve bacterial cell wall has a thinner peptidoglycan wall. TRUE or FALSE. If false, correct the statement

A

False, Gram +ve cell wall has a thicker peptidoglycan wall

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15
Q

What is Periplasm ?

A

An aqueous gel-like region b/wn 2 membranes of gram -ve bacteria

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16
Q

Periplasm contains enzymes associated w/nutrient acquisition and transport. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

17
Q

Periplasm contains defence enzymes used to resist antibiotics.
TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

18
Q

Give an example of a defence enzyme used to resist antibiotics.

A

B (beta) -Lactamase

19
Q

The outer membrane of Gram -ve bacteria contains PORINS. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

20
Q

What is the role of Porins

A
  • Allows passive diffusion of molecules into periplasmic space
  • Allows passage of charged molecules
21
Q

Explain the process of Gram staining

A

1) Heat bacteria (Gram + and -) with Crystal Violet

2) Add Iodine solution
- this forms insoluble crystals

3) Decolourise with alcohol
- crystals escape from gram -ve

4) Stain w/ Safranin
- Red stain appears in gram -ve

22
Q

Name the 3 types of Active transport in bacteria

A

1) PMF driven transport
2) ABC driven transport (ATP binding cassette)
3) Group translocation

23
Q

State the 2 types of prokaryote DNA

A

1) Nucleoids

2) Plasmids

24
Q

Bacterial ribosomes are free in cytoplasm. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

25
Q

Bacterial ribosomes are composed of 2 subunits. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

26
Q

State and describe the 2 subunits bacterial ribosomes are composed of…

A

1) Small 30s subunit; binds to mRNA

2) Large 50s subunit; completes 70s ribosome

27
Q

Describe S.Aureus bacteria

A
  • Gram +ve cocci
  • Causes variety of infections and disease
  • Particularly resistant therefore difficult to treat
28
Q

Name 4 types of Gram +ve bacteria

A

1) S. Aureus (S=Staphylococcus)
2) C. Difficile (C=Clostrodium)
3) M. Tuberculosis (M=Mycobacterium)
4) S. Pneumoniae (S=streptococcus)

29
Q

Describe S.Pneumoniae bacteria

A
  • Gram +ve

- Causes respiratory infections

30
Q

Describe C.Difficile bacteria

A
  • Gram +ve rods
  • Causes Inflammation (colitis) and Abdominal disease
  • Survives in Anaerobic environment
31
Q

Describe M. Tuberculosis bacteria

A
  • Gram +ve rods

- Resides in tissues due to Hydrophobic cell wall

32
Q

Name 3 types of Gram -ve bacteria

A

1) E.Coli
2) E.Coli 0151:H7
3) H.Pylori

33
Q

Is Gram positive or negative bacteria more dangerous?

A

Gram Negative

34
Q

Describe E.Coli bacteria

A
  • Gram -ve

- Causes Enteric, Urinary and Nosocomal infections

35
Q

Describe E.Coli 0151:H7 bacteria

A
  • Gram -ve
  • Causes Hemorrhagic diseases
  • Anaerobic environment required for survival
36
Q

Describe H.Pylori bacteria

A
  • Gram -ve Spirals
  • Associated w/ Chronic Superficial Gastritis
    (stomach ulcers)

STAGE 2 - Pharmacology and Drug Action (8 decks)

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