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STAGE 2 - Pharmacology and Drug Action > Drug Toxicity > Flashcards

Drug Toxicity Flashcards

1
Q

What is drug toxicity

A

The harmful effects of a drug/injury caused by taking a medication

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2
Q

Drug toxicity is also known as Adverse drug reaction (ADR). TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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3
Q

ADR’s aren’t that serious. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE. ADR’s are a major clinical problem

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4
Q

State the difference between ADR’s and side effects ?

A
  • Side effects can be ‘good’

- ADR’s are harmful

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5
Q

Name 2 drugs that cause the ADR -Valvular heart disease

A
  • Fenfluramine

- Dexfenfaramine

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6
Q

Name 4 drugs that cause the ADR -Arrhythmias

A
  • Terfenadine
  • Grepafloxacin
  • Astemizole
  • Cisapride
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7
Q

Name a drug that causes the ADR -Low heart rate in the elderly

A
  • Mibefridil
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8
Q

Name a drug that causes the ADR - Cardiac toxicity

A
  • Refecoxib
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9
Q

Name 2 drug that causes the ADR - Liver failure

A
  • Traglitozone

- Bromfenac

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10
Q

Name a drug that causes the ADR - Liver toxicity

A
  • Nafezodone
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11
Q

Name a drug that causes the ADR - Ischaemic colitis

A
  • Alosetron
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12
Q

We learn about ADR’s through clinical trials. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Clinical trials often exclude the young, old and pregnant women. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Clinical trials often exclude patients with multiple diseases. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Clinical trials often exclude interacting medications. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Warfarin can lead to inhibition of Vitamin K reductase which can lead to the ADR -Haemorrhage. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic blocker. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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18
Q

State the effects of Atropine

A
  • Dilated pupils
  • Increased heart rate
  • Reduced salivation
  • Smooth muscle relaxation
  • Excitatory effects on the CNS
19
Q

Name 2 side effects of the use of Atropine when used to treat intestinal motility

A

1) Mydriasis

2) Cycloplegia

20
Q

Atropine should never be used to treat acid-peptic disease. TRUE or FALSE

21
Q

ADR -Atropine poisoning results from on target non-intended tissue response. TRUE or FALSE

22
Q

Tubular toxicity results in renal failure. TRUE or FALSE

23
Q

Give 2 examples of off-target ADR’s

A
  • Nephrotoxicity (due to saturation of aminoglycosides in tubular cells
  • Cardiotoxicity
24
Q

What is the effect of activation of the hERG channel ?

A

Prolongation of electrical impulses that regulate heart beat (T wave is delayed)

25
Name an example of a non-selective beta antagonist drug
Propranolol
26
Propranolol is usually prescribed for asthmatic patients. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE. Propranolol is contraindicated for asthmatic patients.
27
B1 antagonists control heart rate after heart failure. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
28
B2 antagonists can cause airway constriction. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
29
S-thalidomide acts as a sedative. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE. It produces teratogenic effects
30
R-thalidomide produces teratogenic effects. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE. It acts as a sedative
31
What happens when paracetamol metabolite binds irreversibly to Hepatic cell membranes ?
Liver necrosis (Hepatoxicity)
32
Why is it unusual for drugs to trigger ADR- immune response ?
Drugs are too small (LMW, usually <1000)
33
Immune response can be brought about by LMW drug binding to a macromolecular drug such as proteins. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
34
LMW drugs interact w/receptors of the immunity system. For example; direct binding to T-cell receptors. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
35
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions occurs when a hapten binds to a protein. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
36
How does Type 2 hypersensitivity come about ?
Antigen binds to surface of circulating blood cell (usually RBC)
37
What is Anaphylaxis
Serious allergic reaction
38
Name some symptoms of Anaphylaxis ?
- Skin reaction - Difficulty breathing - Fainting - Swelling
39
Treatment for mild reactions ?
- (0.3 - 0.5ml) Adrenaline | - Oral antihistamine
40
Treatment for severe reactions ?
Diphenhydramine
41
When is Theophylline used to treat ADR-drug allergy?
Used for asthmatic reactions that don't respond to Adrenaline
42
Diphenhydramine may also be used for a cardiac arrest? TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
43
What is Idiosyncratic toxicity?
A rare toxicity that isn't immediately understandable (no obvious mechanism)

STAGE 2 - Pharmacology and Drug Action (8 decks)

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