Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STAGE 2 - Pharmacology and Drug Action > Drug Toxicity > Flashcards

Drug Toxicity Flashcards

1
Q

What is drug toxicity

A

The harmful effects of a drug/injury caused by taking a medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drug toxicity is also known as Adverse drug reaction (ADR). TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ADR’s aren’t that serious. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE. ADR’s are a major clinical problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State the difference between ADR’s and side effects ?

A
  • Side effects can be ‘good’

- ADR’s are harmful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name 2 drugs that cause the ADR -Valvular heart disease

A
  • Fenfluramine

- Dexfenfaramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 4 drugs that cause the ADR -Arrhythmias

A
  • Terfenadine
  • Grepafloxacin
  • Astemizole
  • Cisapride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name a drug that causes the ADR -Low heart rate in the elderly

A
  • Mibefridil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a drug that causes the ADR - Cardiac toxicity

A
  • Refecoxib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 2 drug that causes the ADR - Liver failure

A
  • Traglitozone

- Bromfenac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name a drug that causes the ADR - Liver toxicity

A
  • Nafezodone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name a drug that causes the ADR - Ischaemic colitis

A
  • Alosetron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

We learn about ADR’s through clinical trials. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical trials often exclude the young, old and pregnant women. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical trials often exclude patients with multiple diseases. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical trials often exclude interacting medications. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Warfarin can lead to inhibition of Vitamin K reductase which can lead to the ADR -Haemorrhage. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic blocker. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

State the effects of Atropine

A
  • Dilated pupils
  • Increased heart rate
  • Reduced salivation
  • Smooth muscle relaxation
  • Excitatory effects on the CNS
19
Q

Name 2 side effects of the use of Atropine when used to treat intestinal motility

A

1) Mydriasis

2) Cycloplegia

20
Q

Atropine should never be used to treat acid-peptic disease. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

21
Q

ADR -Atropine poisoning results from on target non-intended tissue response. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

22
Q

Tubular toxicity results in renal failure. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

23
Q

Give 2 examples of off-target ADR’s

A
  • Nephrotoxicity (due to saturation of aminoglycosides in tubular cells
  • Cardiotoxicity
24
Q

What is the effect of activation of the hERG channel ?

A

Prolongation of electrical impulses that regulate heart beat (T wave is delayed)

25
Q

Name an example of a non-selective beta antagonist drug

A

Propranolol

26
Q

Propranolol is usually prescribed for asthmatic patients. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE. Propranolol is contraindicated for asthmatic patients.

27
Q

B1 antagonists control heart rate after heart failure. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

28
Q

B2 antagonists can cause airway constriction. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

29
Q

S-thalidomide acts as a sedative. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE. It produces teratogenic effects

30
Q

R-thalidomide produces teratogenic effects. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE. It acts as a sedative

31
Q

What happens when paracetamol metabolite binds irreversibly to Hepatic cell membranes ?

A

Liver necrosis (Hepatoxicity)

32
Q

Why is it unusual for drugs to trigger ADR- immune response ?

A

Drugs are too small (LMW, usually <1000)

33
Q

Immune response can be brought about by LMW drug binding to a macromolecular drug such as proteins. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

34
Q

LMW drugs interact w/receptors of the immunity system. For example; direct binding to T-cell receptors. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

35
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions occurs when a hapten binds to a protein. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

36
Q

How does Type 2 hypersensitivity come about ?

A

Antigen binds to surface of circulating blood cell (usually RBC)

37
Q

What is Anaphylaxis

A

Serious allergic reaction

38
Q

Name some symptoms of Anaphylaxis ?

A
  • Skin reaction
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Fainting
  • Swelling
39
Q

Treatment for mild reactions ?

A
  • (0.3 - 0.5ml) Adrenaline

- Oral antihistamine

40
Q

Treatment for severe reactions ?

A

Diphenhydramine

41
Q

When is Theophylline used to treat ADR-drug allergy?

A

Used for asthmatic reactions that don’t respond to Adrenaline

42
Q

Diphenhydramine may also be used for a cardiac arrest? TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

43
Q

What is Idiosyncratic toxicity?

A

A rare toxicity that isn’t immediately understandable (no obvious mechanism)

STAGE 2 - Pharmacology and Drug Action (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions