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STAGE 2 - Pharmacology and Drug Action > Drug Abuse > Flashcards

Drug Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Define Drug abuse

A

The reoccurring use of illegal drugs or prescription or otc drugs, w/negative consequeces

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2
Q

Name 4 classes (w/examples) of commonly abused drugs

A

1) Opioids (Morphine, Heroin)
2) CNS depressants (Ethanol, Barbiturates, BZ’s)
3) Psychotomimetic agents (Cannabis, LSD)
4) Psychomotor stimulants= (Amphetamine, Cocaine)

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3
Q

What does the ‘health triangle’ of drug abuse consist of ?

A

a) Mental/Emotional interference
b) Physical interference
c) Social interference

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4
Q

Define Drug tolerance

A

A decrease in pharmacological effect with repeated use

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5
Q

Name the active agent in Cannabis

A

THC (TetraHydoCannabinol)

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6
Q

Describe what happens to THC when marijuana is burned

A
  • THC vapour is absorbed into the lungs then blood plasma
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7
Q

Describe the effects of marijuana/’marijuana high’ ?

A
  • Initial stimulation (giddiness/euphoria) followed by sedation and pleasant tranquillity
  • This begins w/in a few mins after inhaling and can last up to 2-3hrs
  • After peak levels reached, conc falls via metabolism in liver and fat storage
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8
Q

What type of opioid receptor produces euphoria ?

A

mu opioid receptor agonists

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9
Q

Cocaine acts as a CNS depressant whilst Alcohol stimulates the CNS. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

False. Cocaine = CNS stimulant

Alcohol = CNS depressant

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10
Q

Cocaine acts as an appetite suppressant. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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11
Q

State 3 monoamine reuptake transporters inhibited by cocaine

A

1) DA (enhances dopaminergic transmission)
2) NA
3) 5-HT

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12
Q

Name 4 characteristics of opioid abuse

A

1) Respiratory depression
2) Pinpoint pupils
3) Decreased level of consciousness
4) Hypotension and Bradycardia

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13
Q

Describe ‘respiratory depression’

A

When breathing slows down, sometimes to a stop

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14
Q

Why is ‘pinpoint pupils’ important in opiate abuse/overdose ?

A

It is an important diagnostic feature in opioid poisoning

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15
Q

Describe Hypotension and Bradycardia

A
  • Heart rate slows down, sometimes to a stop

- Blue lips and nails (due to insufficient oxygen in the blood)

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16
Q

Morphine and Heroin (Opioids) abuse are the most common single cause of death from drug overdose. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE. They account for about 25% of the total

17
Q

Alcohol acts as a CNS depressant. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

18
Q

State 2 effects of alcohol on the CNS

A

1) Decreases excitatory action of Glutamate at NMDA receptor

2) Increases inhibitory action of GABA at GABA(A) receptor

19
Q

Describe the effect of increased GABA and decreased glutamate

A
  • Dopamine release in nucleus accumbens
  • Increased serotonin conc in certain regions
  • Release of endogenous opiates
  • overall produces euphoria and pain attenuation
20
Q

Describe the effect of acute alcohol intake

A

1) Sense of relaxation due to initial depression of inhibitory neurons
2) followed by progressive depression of all CNS functions (loss of coordination, poor judgement, slowed reflexes)

21
Q

What is the recommended alcohol limit per week for men and women ?

A 
Men = 21 units/week
Women = 14 units/week
22
Q

State some withdrawal symptoms of alcohol

A
  • Shaking (tremors)
  • Anxiety
  • Sleep problems
  • Nausea
  • Hallucinations and seizures
23
Q

Name the primary target of psychomotor stimulants

A

DA receptor

24
Q

Name the primary target of psychotomimetics

A

CB1 receptor

5-HT receptor

25
Q

Name the primary target of Opiates

A

Mu opiate receptor

26
Q

Name the primary target of Alcohol

A

GABA receptor

27
Q

How long does drug addiction treatment last for ?

A

> 90 days

28
Q

How many areas does addiction treatment focus on, state them ?

A

4;

  • Reducing withdrawal discomfort
  • Diminishing craving to the drug
  • Blocking rewarding effects of drug
  • Treating comorbidites e.g; depression
29
Q

Name the aspects addiction treatment must address

A

Medical, Psychological, Social, Vocational and Legal problems

STAGE 2 - Pharmacology and Drug Action (8 decks)

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