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VP Exam 2 > Microbio parasites > Flashcards

Microbio parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What are key concepts of parasites? (5)

A 
live in or on their host
smaller than their host
parasites reduce host biological fitness
typically don't kill host
reproduce at a faster rate than their host
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2
Q

What are the benefits from the host? (4)

A

food, habitat, protection from environment

transmission

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3
Q

Predilection site

A

preferred site in or on the host

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4
Q

aberrant site

A

site in or on a host which is not a normal location

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5
Q

Why are parasites so successful? (6)

A 
many modes of infection
multiple offspring
periaparturient rise
offspring in food of many hosts
avoid immune system
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6
Q

Modes of infection (4)

A

oral
skin penetration
injection
transplacental

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7
Q

Direct lifestyle (4)

A

1 host required to complete life cycle
stages in the hose and the environment
host specific or broad spectrum
definitive host (preferred host)

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8
Q

indirect lifestyle (5)

A 
2 or most hosts required to complete the life cycle
host specific or broad host spectrum
final host= sexual reproduction
intermediate host
stages in hosts and the environment
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9
Q

paratenic host

A

preferred host

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10
Q

aberrant host

A

wrong host, migration

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11
Q

dead end host

A

the parasite can’t reproduce or develop in the host and dies

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12
Q

transport host

A

used for migration

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13
Q

characteristics of sexual reproduction (4)

A

genetic diversity
longer life cycle
must have at least 2 parasites (male and female)
mutations= resistance

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14
Q

characteristics of asexual reproduction (3)

A

lack of genetic diversity
short life cycle
one is enough to reproduce

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15
Q 
parasite-host balance
parasite effect (3)
A

number of parasites
location of parasites, migration
transmission

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16
Q

parasite-host balance host effects (4)

A

previous exposure
type or host response (inflammatory, immune)
nutritional status
age

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17
Q

parasite-host balance environment effects (4)

A

factors that increase parasites or hypobiosis (arrest) or decrease host immunity
management
geographical location
weather

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18
Q

-iasis

A

presence of parasite

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19
Q

-osis

A

disease caused by the parasite

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20
Q

characteristics of helminths (3)

A

Parasitic or non-parasitic
live extracellularly
passive or active ingestion of nutrients, nutrients stored as glycogen

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21
Q

What is the phylum and class of roundworms?

A 
phylum Nemathelminthes
class Nematoda
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22
Q

what is the phylum of flatworms?

A

Platyhelminthes

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23
Q

what is the class of tapeworms?

A

Cestoda

24
Q

what is the class of flukes?

A

Trematoda

25
Q

Sexual reproduction of helminths (3)

A 
some are hermaphroditic
egg laying (oviparous) or lay live young (viviparous)
don't multiply in the host- offspring must leave host
26
Q

characteristics of nematodes (5)

A 
free-living or parasitic (soil, plant, animal)
elongate and cylindrical
alimentary canal present
sexes usually separate
life cycle direct or indirect
27
Q

nematode mode of infection (4)

A

orally, percutaneous, transmammary, transplacental

28
Q

types of hosts for nematodes (3)

A

final/definative
intermediate
vectors, paratenic

29
Q

direct life cycle of nematodes

A 
infective larva (L3)
infective larva in egg (L2)
30
Q

indirect life cycle of nematodes

A

L1 infective to intermediate host

L3 to the final host

31
Q

How nematodes ensure offspring get in a host (4)

A

periparturient rise
survival of eggs with larva
paratenic hosts
transmammary, transplacental

32
Q

Example of a nematode

A

Ancylostoma canium

33
Q

Characteristics of A. canium (9)

A 
round, elongated
males and females
buccal cavity with teeth
1-2 cm long
has bursa
host= dog
many modes of infection
food= blood
direct life cycle
34
Q

what is the prediliction site for A. canium?

A

adults= small intestine

larvae migrate in lungs

35
Q

what are the modes of infeciton for A. canium? (5)

A 
percutaneous or penetration of oral mucosa
orally
paratenic host
transplacental
transmammary
36
Q

Effects of A. canium infection (2)

A

acute or chronic hemorrhagic anemia

moist ecxema with percutaneous infection

37
Q

acute infection clinical signs of A. canium (3)

A

anemia and lassitude
respiratory disease (pneumonia)
diarrhea (blood and mucus)

38
Q

chronic infection clinical signs of A. canium (2)

A

weight loss

poor hair coat

39
Q

Characteristics of cestodes (6)

A 
flat body without body cavity
strobila (body) head (scolex with 4 suckers), neck and proglottids (segments)
hermaphroditic (each proglottid)
no alimentary canal
indirect life cycle
several types of larval stages
40
Q

Characteristics of Cyclophyllidea (3)

A

one intermediate host
organs of attachment associates with scolex and suckers
egg contains an oncosphere

41
Q

example of a cestode

A

Taenia solium

42
Q

characteristics of T. solium (4)

A

flat
hermaphrodites
final host= intestine, rare clinical signs
intermediate host can have clinical signs

43
Q

final host and intermediate host of T. solium

A 
final= humans
intermediate= pigs
44
Q

Characteristics of trematodes? (6)

A 
dorso-ventrally flattened, leaf-like
two suckers for attachment: oral and ventral suckers
hermaphroditic
can cross-reproduce
heavy large eggs for sedimentation
operculated eggs
45
Q

Final hosts, intermediate host, second intermediate hosts of trematodes?

A

final= sheep, cattle, humans. can be cats and dogs
intermediate= snail
2nd intermediate= rat, frog, snake, crayfish

46
Q

Location of adult trematodes

A

species dependent

rumen, liver, lungs, blood, kidney

47
Q

Example of trematode

A

Fasciola hepatica

48
Q

Class monogenea

A

ecoparasitic flatworms

Phylum platyhelminthes

49
Q

characteristics of monogenea (6)

A

found on skin, fins and gills of fish. also on frogs, reptiles and hippos (in eye)
no true body cavity or coelom
can be large (2-3 cm) or microscopic
simple digestive system: mouth, pharynx, intestine. no anus
poorly developed suckers, attachment via hooks
hermaphroditic, mostly produce eggs, some viviparous

50
Q

example of Monogenea

A

Udonella spp.

51
Q

Udonella Spp.

A

lost attachment hooks during evolution, use suckers
live on copeopds, which live on fish
eat off fish, not host= ectocommensals

52
Q

Ectoparasitic mite

A

Demodex

53
Q

demodex

A

diagnosed from a deep skin scrape

species specific

54
Q

Phylum Acanthocephala characteristics (7)

A 
thorny-headed  worms 
adult stage is in digestive tract
not pathogenic
complex lives
lost many organs and structures
no mouth or digestive system- absorbs nutrients from digested gut contents via integument
can me large, over 10 cm
55
Q

What do Acanthocephala infect? (5)

A 
invertebrates
birds
amphibians
fish
mammals

VP Exam 2 (10 decks)

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