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Microbio Flashcards

1
Q

Gram nonreactive bacteria

A

Chlamydia
Legionella

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2
Q

Acid fast bacteria

A

Mycobacteria
Nocardia
Indicates mycolic acid in cell wall

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3
Q

Gram stain and shock

A

LPS on Gram negative most likely to cause shock
But gram + can also cause through various virulence factors

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4
Q

Protein A

A

Expressed on S aureus
Binds i gg to subvert immune response

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5
Q

Diphtheria toxin

A

Interferes with protein elongation at EF 2

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6
Q

Shiga toxin

A

Inhibit proteinsynthesis by damaging ribosomes

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7
Q

LPS

A

Complementactivation via tlr4 cd14 MD2 → cytokine release and widespread immune response

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8
Q

DIC

A

LPS → clotting factors and platelet migration

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9
Q

Waterhouse friderichsen syndrome

A

Adrenal failure in setting of septicemia often +DIC

Usually neisseria meningitis
Also pseudomonas, ‘s pneum, s aureus, H flu

Organ failure
Adrenocorticalinsufficieny
Severe hypotension
Coma

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10
Q

Toxic shock

A

Associated with superantigens that cause cytokine storm
SEB, TSST1, SEC2, strep exotoxin a and c
Skin desquamation

Usually s_pyogenes or Saureus

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11
Q

Toxic component LPs

A

Lipid A

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12
Q

C perfringens

A

Gas gangrene

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13
Q

S aureus lab tests

A

Positive:
Gram
Catalase
* CoagulaSe
* DNase
* Mannitol ferment

Other:
* B-hemolytic
Novobiocin sensitive
Bile salt resistant

  • unique from other staph species
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14
Q

Test differentiating S epi from S. Sapro

A

Novobiocin
Epi - sensitive
Sap - resistant

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15
Q

S epidermis

A

Norm(al skin ‘
Endogenous infections in ic., venous line, foley,
→ cellulitis osteomyelitis endocarditis UTIs -
Medical devicecontamination.

Mainly subacute endocarditiswhen history of value replacement acute more likely aureus

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16
Q

S saprophyticus

A

Vaginal flora
Gu infections in sexually active young women

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17
Q

Strep tests

A

Glram POS
* catalase Ng
* Pairs or chains
Non motile
No spores ‘

Hemolysis differentiates spectes

  • differentiates staph
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18
Q

S. Agalactiae tests

A

Group B strep
B hemolytic
Bacitracin resistant

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19
Q

S.pyogenes tests

A

Group A strep
B-hemolytic
Bacitracin serisitive

Pyr rapid test
Anti-streptolysin o (aso) titers
Anti-dnase B, anti hyaluronidase,anti streptokinase,anti-m

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20
Q

S. Pneumonia e tests

A

Alpha hemolytic
Optochin sensitive
Encapsulated

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21
Q

Viridans strep tests

A

’ Opportunistic
No cap:sule
Alpha hemolytic
Optochin resistant

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22
Q

Group B strep infections

A

Normal vagina
Infection in Newborns after vag delivery
Septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia,osteomyelitis

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23
Q

S. Pneum infection s

A

Normal upper respiratory
Meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis

Especially severe in kids, old, ic, asplenic

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24
Q

Group A strep infections

A

Aka pyogenes - fever

N normal skin and throat
Strep throat
Skin infections
Necrotizing fasciitis
Autoimmune sequelae due to m protein

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25
Q

M protein

A
  • Group a strep (pyogenes)
    Blocks complement
    *Rheumatic fever
    Post infectious glomerulonephritis
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26
Q

Spe-b

A

Superantigen
Protease precursor
S pyo → necrotizing fasciitis

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27
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Type 2 hypersens
M protein
2-3 weeksafter strep throat. Not group A strep skin infections for some reason

2 major or 1 major 2 minor:

M: polyarthritis, carditis,nodules, erythema, chorea
m: fever, arthralgia w/o polyarthritis, high CRP or ESR, prolonged PR interval on EKG

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28
Q

Post strepglomerulonephritis

A

Type 3 Hs
Skin or pharyngeal GAS
Dx w/ elevated ASO or anti-dnase B

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29
Q

Viridian’S strep infections

A

Dental caries
Subacute endcaarditis on previously damaged valves
Opportunistic
Biofilms

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30
Q

CAP tx outpatient

A

Presumptive for S. Pneumoniae unless other risk factors

Generally a macrolide (-thromycin)
Can be fluoroquinolone (-floxacin), doxy

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31
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia tx inpatient

A

IV 3rd gen cep + macrolide (-thromycin)
Eg. Ceftriaxone+ azithromycin

+ Vanco if complicated eg. HAP VAP

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32
Q

Pneumococcal meningitis tx

A

Vanco + cef-3

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33
Q

Outpatient tx uncomplicated strep

A

Amoxicillin
Erythromycin if allergy

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34
Q

B cereus

A

Bacillus
Gram POS
Spore forming i
Contaminated food
Reheated fried rice prototypical

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35
Q

B cereus tx

A

Supportive
Most cases dt toxins and most bacteria are abx-resistant, so ab x not generally given

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36
Q

Inhalation anthrax

A

Hemorrhagic mediastinitis - widening of mediastinum on X-ray
Necrotizing pneumoni a
Bacteremia
Meningitis
Fatal

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37
Q

B anthracis tx

A
  • Combination clindamycin and linezolid for inhalation
    Ciprofloxacin or doxy for localized cutaneous
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38
Q

Gas gangrene

A

C. Perfringens
Alpha toxin - perforates cells

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39
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Vulnerable-neonates, pregnant, ic, old
Contaminated food e.g. Unpasteurized dairy raw veg processed meat
Vertical trans..

In healthy adults visuallyself-limited gastroenteritis

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40
Q

Listeria pregnancy and neonates

A

Early pregnant: sa, stilbirth,prematurity
After birth meningitis, septicemia

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41
Q

Listeria Ab x

A

Resistan t to most
Most notablyfluoroquindones

Ampicillin preferred
Growing resistance
Bact rim usually works

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42
Q

Cold enrichment

A

Largely unique to listeria
Accelerated growth at cooler temps

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43
Q

Common feature in all nocardia i infections

A

Abcess

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44
Q

Nocardia pneumonia

A

Ic. or preexisting lung disease
Necrosis, cavitations, abscess
Secondarydissemination causing abscesses in brain, skin
Can also cause primary abscesses elsewhere

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45
Q

Nocardiaappearance

A

Gram positive rods in chains or filaments
Similar toactinomyces but weakly acid-fast

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46
Q

Nocardia eco niche

A

Soil
Obligate O 2

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47
Q

Nocardia tx

A

Slow growing ‘’
Prolonged ab x course
No resistance yet
Poor px when disseminated
Bactrim is tx of choice

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48
Q

HUS

A

Shige-like toxin in ehec
Microthrombi shear red cellsand platelets
Anemia-thrombocytopenia - acute kidney failure following bloodydiarrhea

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49
Q

Shiga-like to mins

A

Inhibit 28 S on 60 s ribosome subunit
Also independently necrosis and inflammation
Ehec

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50
Q

Neonatal meningitis

A

Most commonly E coli

Also listeria

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51
Q

Pil i

A
  • Biofilms,epithelialedherenu
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52
Q

Kleibsellapreumonia

A

. Vulnerable pts
Diabetes, etoh
Pulmonaryhemmorahgic necrosis
Red currant jelly sputum
Aspiration prenmonia

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53
Q

Macconkey agar

A

Lactose fermentation turns media pink
Eg. Ecoli lactase POS → pink

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54
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Ic, vulnerable - cf, burns, leukemia, age s neutropenia
Hap/ VAP
Non-respiratory e.g. Hot tub folliculitis, otitis external, osteomyelitis following penetrating injury, UTIs from catheters, necrotizingenterocolitis in leukemia

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55
Q

Pseudomonas tx

A

4th gen ceph + amino glycoside (-mycin)
Pip/tazo mosaggrssive

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56
Q

Salmonella tests

A

Motile facultative ‘ anaerobe
ferments glucose
Reduces sulfer- black t si medium

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57
Q

Shigella infectious dose

A

Very low
Resistant togastric acid

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58
Q

Shigella tx

A

Ceftriaxoneand fluoroquin clones

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59
Q

Salmonella tx

A

Supportive
Ab x prolonginfectious duration

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60
Q

Y ersinia enterocolitica

A

.galstroenteritis / food poisoning from pork products, puppies
Iron overloadpredisposes
Pain can mimic appendicitis

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61
Q

Y-entero tx

A

Supportive if uncomplicated
Otherwise aminoglycosydes (my cin) and bact rim
Tend to be fluoroquinoloneresistant

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62
Q

Campylobacter jejune appearance

A

Motile curved or corkscrew gram neg rod

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63
Q

Campy virulence

A

Direct invasion of intestinalepthelium
Corkscrew shape and flagellum
→ bloody diarrhea

Can result in reactivearthritis

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64
Q

Campy transmission

A

Under cooked chicken most common

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65
Q

Campy complications

A

Reactive arthritis
Guillan barre

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66
Q

Urease

A

Involved in H pylori, y enter o, some other enter bacterium
NeutralizesStomach acid via ammonia production to promote survival

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67
Q

Whooping cough toxin

A

Pertussis exotoxin binds ‘ G, protein receptor increasing secretions
Pili paralyze mucocilary escalator

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68
Q

Pertussis complications

A

Respiratoryexhaustion
Pertussis encephalopathy

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69
Q

Pertussis tx

A

Macrolides (-thromycin)
Prophylaxis with erythromy in for contacts
Tdap prevention

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70
Q

Legionella path

A

Enter and replicate in alveolarmacrophages
Type 4 secretion system effector proteins

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71
Q

Legionnaire’s sx

A

Neuro-headache, confusion
Diarrhea
Lobar or atypical pneumonia
Often hyponatremia
Generally all together

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72
Q

Legionella tx

A

Azithromycin or levofloxacin

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73
Q

Neisseriameningitidis manifestations

A

Meningitis
Purpuri c rash
Possible URI

Complications:
Di c
Waterhous-friderichsen syndrome

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74
Q

Neisseria tx

A

Ceftriaxone

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75
Q

H flu manifestations

A

Meningitis
Epiglottitis
Pneumonic
Otitis media

Esp in 6-18 mo between breastfeadingand vaccination

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76
Q

Acinetobacter

A

VAP

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77
Q

Lyme disease st

A

Stage 1: Erythema migran s / bull’s eye

Stage 2:
Facial nerve palsy
Arthritis
Cardiac block

Stage 3:
If untreated
Meningitis

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78
Q

Rocky mountair spotted fever

A

Dog tick
Southeastern us
Headache -fever- rash on palms and solesof feet
Leukopenia
Hyponatremja
Hepatic transaminase
Thrombocytopenia

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79
Q

RMSF tx

A

Doxycydine

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80
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Rat fleas
Bacteria invade mq
Tender, swollen lymph nodes
Lesion at bite site
Progression to septicemic plague - DIC + necrosis

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81
Q

Yersiniapestis tx

A

Streptomycin

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82
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii
Farm animals
Flu-like
Pneumonia
Endocarditis with’negative cultures (C. Burn doesn’t culture well)
Hepatitis

83
Q

Ssdna virus

A

Parvoviridae is only currently clinically relevant
All other DNA viruses are ds

84
Q

Ds DNA viruses

A

Adenovirus
Papillomavivus
Polyomavirus
Hepadnavirus - hep B
Herpesvirus
Poxvirus

85
Q

Parvovirus b 19

A

Naked icosahedral ss DNA
Infects immature erythrocytes
Kids: fifth disease - slapped cheek rash
Sickle cell: aplastic crisis
In u tero: hydropsfetalis
Adults: arthritis

86
Q

Adenorinus

A

Naked icosahedral ds DNA linear
Conjunctivitis,pharyngitis, ge, myocarditis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis

87
Q

HPV

A

Naked icosahedral ds DNA circular genome
1 and 2: warts
6 and 11 - genital warts
16 and 18-cervical cancer

88
Q

CMV

A

Herpesvirus
Enveloped icosahedral ds DNA
R eactivation infection in ic - pneumonia, esophagitis, retinitis, colitis
Mono (2nd most common to ebv)
Congenital: retinitis, microcepholy, hearing loss, seizures, blueberry muffin rash

89
Q

Roseola

A

HHV 6 and 7
High fever x few days → macular rash

90
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Opportunistic
Triggered by hhv8 in ic

91
Q

Circular DNA genomes

A

Hepraviridae- hep B
Pappllomaviridae
Polyomaviridae

92
Q

Blueberry muffin rash

A

Congenital CMV - congenital rubella
Indicates extramedullary hematopoesis

93
Q

CMV in HIV

A

AIDS if outside liver spleen or lymph nodes

Prolonged, progressive

Retinitis → hemorrhage → blindness
Colonic ulceration
Pneumo nitis
Encephalitis

94
Q

CMV in transplant

A

Primary from organ or secondary from reactivation
Higher rejection risk
Fever
Pneumonia
Hepatitis
Pancreatitis
Colitis

95
Q

CMV blood smear

A

Owl eye inclusion body
Reactive lymphocytes

96
Q

CMV tests

A

CMV lg M or G
High WBC
High lfts
Negative eb V monospot

97
Q

CMV tx

A

Gangliocivir prophylaxis in HIV W CD 4 <50, organ transplant, hsct
Potentially Gangliocivir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidoforvir in severe infection Es pecially newborns

98
Q

Mono

A

Most commonly eb v in young otherwise healthy
Posterior cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy
Fever
Hepatosplenomegaly
Exudative pharyngitis
Fatigue

If hepatosplenomegaly avoid contactsports for 12 monthsdue torisk of rupture

St usuallyresolve2-3 wk
Fatigue longer

99
Q

Starry skylymiph node

A

Burkitt lymphoma
Eb v associated
Myc gene

100
Q

Owl eye cells

A

Hodgkin lymphoma - aka Reed sternberg - eb v associated
CMV infection

101
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia

A

White patches on tongue in ic
Eb v associated

102
Q

Eb v test s

A

Monospot
Eb v early antigen ig G for 6 mo
Anti- eb Na after that
High WBC
High lfts

103
Q

EBV tx w amoxicillin

A

→ diffusemacropapular rash
Can develop to erythema multiform e (target)

104
Q

Chickenpox tx

A

Acyclovir first 24 hours or if complicated
Symptomatic eg r. Antihistamines
VSV antibodies, IV acyclovir can be used if very complicated e.g. In pregnant women orhiv

105
Q

Post herpetic neuralgia tx

A

Capsaicin, gabapentin, TCAs, steroids

106
Q

Postherpetic neuralgia

A

A complication after shingles rash has cleared
Dt sensory Herve damage

107
Q

Ds RNA viruses

A

Reoviridal is only clinically relevant genus i
Includes rotavirus and Colorado tick virus

108
Q

Orthomyoxviridae

A

(-)ssRNA
Along withretroviruses the onlythat replicates in nucleus
Includes flu

109
Q

F protein

A

Membrane fusion protein in RSV

110
Q

Influenza complications

A

Primary pneumonia
Secondarybacterial pneumonia
Cns- encephalitis, meningitis,guillan barre
Other- myositis, rhabdo. Myocarditis,pericarditis

111
Q

Neuraminidase

A

Cleaves sialic acid residues to allow for viralspread/release from host cell
Flu

112
Q

Measlescomplications

A

Diarrhea
Giant cell pneumonia
Encephalitis

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 7-10 years post infection → death

113
Q

Mumps complications

A

Pancreatitis,orchids (testes), meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, nephritis

114
Q

Rubella presentation

A

Rash start face down body spare palms soles
Generalizedeymphadenopathy ( unlike measles)
Low grade fever vs high grade in measles

115
Q

Rubellacomplicatins

A

Arthritis
Encephalitis,
Guillanbarre
Idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpor a
Myocarditis
Congenitalrubella - torch infection,life threatening- blueberry muffin rash

116
Q

Congenital rubella

A

IUGR - small size
Blueberry muffin rash
Bi lateral cataracts
Sensorineuralheaving loss
Machine heart murmur- patent da, VSD
Intellectual disability

117
Q

Opportunistic pneumonia in HIV

A

Pjiroveci - PCP
Cocci
Tb

118
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

Mold in cold
Yeast in heats

119
Q

C. Albicans dimorphism

A

Exception
Yeast in cold
Mold in heat

120
Q

Amphoterrible side fx

A

Fever, and chills
HypOkalemia
Dt perforation of renal tubular ducts

121
Q

Cytokine gran uloma

122
Q

Folic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

Trimethopri M
Sulfa drugs

123
Q

Metronidazole

A

Targets DNA integrity
Bacterial andprotazoal

124
Q

Rifampin

A

Targets mRNA synthesis

125
Q

Fluoroquinotones

A

_Floxacin
Gyrase inhibitors

126
Q

50 S inhibitors

A

Macrolide s- thromycin
Cindamycin
Linezolid
Chloramphenicol

127
Q

30 s inhibitors

A

Aminoglycosides. - mycin/ micin except -thromycin; amikacin

Tetracyclines -cycline

128
Q

Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors

A

Vancomycin
Bacitracin

129
Q

Antipsendomonals

A

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Cefepime
Monobactams-azetronam
Carbapenems
Polymyxin if resistant

130
Q

Daptomyan

A

Cell membranedisruption
Lipopeptide

131
Q

Penicillins coverage

A

Gram POS
Especially syphilis and group B strep

132
Q

Staph first line

A

Methicillin, nafcillin, oxacilion, aminopenicillins with beta lactamase inhibitors

133
Q

Aminopenicillins coverage

A

Listeria
Strep pneumonia e
Staph
Enterococcus

134
Q

Piperacillin coverage

A

E coli
Bacteroides
H flu
Staph aureus
Pseudomonas

135
Q

Ceftaroline coverage

A

Fifth gen cef
MRSA
Gram POS and many neg

136
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam
Pseudomonas
E coli
Kleibsella

137
Q

Carbapenems coverage

A

Pseudomonas
MRSA
Enterococci

138
Q

Daptomycin coverage

A

MRSA
Enterococci

139
Q

Fluoroquinolone’S coverage

A

E coli
Legionella
Salmonella typhi
Anthrax

140
Q

Aminoglycosides coverage

A
  • mycin _ micin - amikacin
    Gram negative aerobes
141
Q

Tetracyclines coverage

A

Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Lyme

142
Q

Tigecycline coverage

A

Broad
E coli
Kleibsella
MRSA

143
Q

Amphenicols

A

’ 50 S inhibitors
Cholera
S aureus
St pneumonia e
Rickettsia
E coli

144
Q

Macrolide’S

A
  • thromycin ‘
    Strep
    Staph
    Legionella
    Chlamydia
145
Q

Linezolid

A

50 S inhibitor
Oxazolidinore
MRSA
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

146
Q

Penicillin resistance gene

147
Q

MRSA tx

A

Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Linezolid
Tigecycline
Ceftaroline
Doxycycline
Tmp-smx

148
Q

Multi- drug resistant tx

A

Polymyxins
Carbapenems

149
Q

Polymyxin

A

Binds phospholipids on cell surface.
A last resort

150
Q

Penicillin resistance strep pneumonia

A

Changes in structure of target pbps
Unlike most other organisms which is beta lactamase production

151
Q

Jarisch herxheimer rxn

A

Penicillin G reaction
Fever and chills
Low bp
Skinlesions

152
Q

Beta lactams cause _ _ dependent killing while aminoglycosides are __ dependent.

A
  • Beta lactams - time
    Aminoglycosides-concentration
153
Q

Gonorrhea tx

A

Ceftriaxone

154
Q

Cephalosporins adverse effects

A

Less likely to cause Hs than penicillin but still avoid in penicillin allergy
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
When w/aminoglycosides nephrotoxicity
When w/ alcohol disulfiram like reaction - flusing, hypotension, tachycardia, n+v

155
Q

Vancomycin infusion reaction prophylaxis

A

Antihistamines and slow infusion

156
Q

Mechanism vancomycin

A

InhibitNAG-NAM unit from being added to peptidogyan chain in cell wall

157
Q

Cipro levo moxi differences

A

Cipro= systemic
Levo and moxi= respiratory, above diaphragm

158
Q

Fluoroquinolones Mx

A

DNA gyrase/topoisom erase inhibitors

159
Q

Fluoroquinolone resistance

A

Target sitealteration
Efflux pumps

160
Q

Cipro uses.

A

Gram neg. rods:
- E coli, H flu, moraxella, kleibsella, legionella, *pseudomonas, salmonella, ‘s typhi anthrax

Some gram POS cocci
Tb

No:
Gonorrhea - resistance
Strep pneumonia

Systems:
Gi, gu, bone, joint, CNS

161
Q

Levofloxacin uses

A

Similar coverage to cipro but
- better lung distribution
- S pneumonia coverage
- better MRSA
- better legionella
- worse atpseudomonas

Basically hap, cap and skin

162
Q

Moxifloxacin uses

A

Similar tocipro but:
- not for UTIs
- better at mycoplasma including CNS Tb
- better gram POS bacilli
- worse pseudomonas

Mostly hap,CNS tb, complex abdominal
Also fine renal impairment
- vs adjust dose

163
Q

Donot take fq with

A

Cations eg.calcium, iron
Adjust dose of p450
Adjust dose cipro and levo renal disease
C/i qt interval prolongation/ tor Sades de points.
C/i. Myasthenia graves dt peripheral nm j

164
Q

Fluroquinolone side effects

A

Renal
Torsades de pointes /QT elongation
CNS, PNS
Allergy - relatively rare
Rash - photosensitivity
Sjs-rare
Avoid in kids - joints and cartilage

165
Q

Sulfonamides target

A

Dihydropteroate synthase dhps

166
Q

TMP target

A

Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR

167
Q

Tmp-smx resistance

A

More PABA precursor
Enzyme alteration
Efflux pumps

168
Q

Tmp.smx coverage

A

Aerobic
POS and neg
Nocardia
Fungi- p. Jiroveci
Protazoa-plasmodium

No:
Anaerobic
Intracellular
Mycoplasma
Mycobacteria
Spirochetes

169
Q

Aminoglycoside adverse fx

A

Nephrotoxicity - acute tubular necrosis
Ototoxicity.
Vestibulotoxicity
C/i. Myastenia gravis-NMB

Monitor every 3 days

170
Q

Macrolide AES

A

Gi - diarrhea at motil in recepto
Q t prolongation
Hepatotoxicity

171
Q

Linezolid AES

A

Bone marrow suppression
Peripheralneuropathy
Serotoninsyndrome_ Mao cross reactivity

172
Q

Second line Tb

A

Streptomycin
Amikacin
Cipro
Cycloserine- MDR
Paraaminosalizylic acid- MDR
Ethionamide

173
Q

Component of mycobacterium cell wall

A

My colic acids
Acid fast stain
Synthesis targeted by isoniazid

174
Q

Isoniazid vita min deficiency

175
Q

Acyclovir

A

Guanosine analog
Activated by herpes viral kinases
Specific to herpes viruses
Hsv- 1,2
VZV

176
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Similar to acyclovir
CMV
Acyclovir -resistant HSV

177
Q

Cidofovir

A

Viral DNApolymerase inhibitors
CMV retinitis in AIDS
Acyclovir resistant HSV

178
Q

Foscarnet

A

Nonspecific viral polymerase inhibitor
RNA, DNA, rt
Herpesvirus, HIV

179
Q

Ribavarin

A

A/G mimic
Induces mutation in RNA replication
Also vs:. DNA viruses
Hep C, severe RSV

180
Q

Oseltamivir
Zanamivir

A

Flu neuraminidase
Release budding virus from cell
Within 48h of sx

181
Q

HBV tx

A

Adefovir - adenosine analog rna-dept DNA poly inhibitor

Entecavir - DNA poly inhib

Lamivudine- cytosine analog, chain term, DNA poly and HIV rt

Telbivudine- thymidine analog, DNA poly and its rt activity

Tenofovir- DNA poly,HIV rt

Ifn.2a

182
Q

Ns 5a inhibitors

A

HCV
MOA unclear

Daclatasvir
Ledipasvir
Ombitasvir

183
Q

Ns 5b inhibitors

A

HCVreplication

  • buvir
184
Q

Ns 3/4 a protease inhibitors

A

HCV translation
- Previr and ritonavir

185
Q

Eb v tx

A

Symptomati- acetaminophen and NSAIDs
Antivirals not helpful

186
Q

Foscarnet Æ

A

Renal impairment
Electrolytes- low k, CA, mg

187
Q

RSV t x

A

Supportive
Ribavarin if complex
Broad spectrum nucleoside antiviral
Purine mimic
Chain terminator
Viral RNA poly

Palivizumab for prevention

188
Q

Ribararin AES

A

Anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Neutropenia
Anemia → MI in preexisting cv
Teratogen

189
Q

-navir

A

HIV protease inhibitors

190
Q

-gravir i

A

HIV integrase inhibitors

191
Q

Maraviroc

A

HIV attachment inhibitor ccr5

192
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

HIV penetration/entry inhibitor gp41

193
Q

First line malaria

A

Chloroquine
Resistance common

194
Q

Severe/complicated malaria tx

A

Iv quinine and doxy or clindamycin
Transition to Po quinidine

Mx:
- reduce 02 uptake
-Reduce carb metabolism
- intercalates into DNA

195
Q

Malaria prophylaxis

A

Atovaquone- proguanil
Doxy
Mefloquine

196
Q

Toxoplasmosis tx

A

Sulfadiazine
Pyrimethamine

197
Q

Trypanosomiasis tx

A

Chagas- Latin America - cv
Beznidazole
Nifurtimox

Sleeping sickness - Africa- cns
Melarsoprol - cns
Pentamidine isethinonate _ blood

198
Q

Roundworm and pinworm tx

A

Ivermectin

199
Q

Tapeworm and hookworm t

A

Benzimidazoles
-Bendazole

200
Q

Shistosomasis tx

A

Praziquantel

201
Q

Fungal membrane target

A

Ergosterol

202
Q

Fungal cell wall target

A

Beta glucan

203
Q

Flucytosine

A

Nucleotide analog precursor
Antifungal - fungistatic
Thymidylate synthetase inhibitor

STEP1 (15 decks)

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