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Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

IL12

A

Pro
By APCs/DCs/Mq
Naive T —> helpers

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2
Q

Il10

A

Anti
By Treg
—X mq, Th

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3
Q

IL2

A

Pro
By active Th
T and B proliferation

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4
Q

CCL-

A

Inflammatory cell migration

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5
Q

IL8

A

Pro
Neutrophil migration
Endothelial adhesion viamore integrins

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6
Q

IFN

A

Antiviral
Growth regulation
Inhibition of angiogenesis

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7
Q

IL1

A

Pro
By Mq, N, epithelial, endothelial
Fever
Adhesion

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8
Q

IL6

A

Pro
Fever
Inflammation
Autoimmune
CRP

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9
Q

Tnf-alpha

A

. Pro
By most immune cells
Phagocytosis
Fever
Sepsis
Hypotension

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10
Q

TGF beta

A

Anti
Suppresses most immune cells

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11
Q

Complement

A

. MAC attack
Removal of apoptosis cells
B, dc, MQ recruitment.

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12
Q

Signals in anaphylaxis

A

C3a C4a C5a

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13
Q

Antibodies in classical complement

A

IgG and IgMactivate pw ‘’

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14
Q

C3a

A

. T cell activation
Angiogenesis

Chemotatis
mast cell de granulation
Macrophage activation

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15
Q

C3b

A

MAC induction
Opsonization

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16
Q

C5 thru 9

A

Form MAC

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17
Q

Complement inhibitors

A

C11Nh
C4BP
Factor H

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18
Q

C5 thru 9 deficiencies

A

Neisseria infections.
Ie. Recurrent meningitis

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19
Q

C3 deficiency

A

Severe and recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory infections

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20
Q

C1 inhibitor deficiency

A

Hereditary angioedema
Facial swelling May mimic anaphylaxis and compromise airways
Ace inhibitors contraindicated

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21
Q

CD55

A

Protects RBCs from complement

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22
Q

Ig that crossesplacenta

A

Ig G

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23
Q

HLADR3

A

Confers susceptibility to various autoimmune including T1DM, SLE, Graves, and myasthenia graves

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24
Q

Th1 cytokines

A

IFNg and IL2
Mq and T responses

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25
Th2 cytokines
IL 4,5,13 B cells Allergy and parasite
26
Th 17 cytokines
IL 17,22 Neutrophils Autoimmune and inflammatory
27
B cell centraltolerance
Receptor editing of autoreactive cells in bm or apoptosis
28
Anergy
Due to loss ofcostim on other cell Peripheral tolerance
29
Fas defect
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syx
30
Alpha agonists
2 Nd line for seasonal allergy after antihistamines Nasal oxymetazoline Oral pseudophedrine
31
Fluticasone
Intranasal corticosteroid for seasonal allergy
32
Epinephrine
Bronchdilation and vasoconstrictor Immediate and temporary
33
Hlaa3
Hemochromatosis
34
Hlab8
Addison, myasthenia graves, Graves
35
Hlab27
Psoriatica arthritis, ankalsosing spondylitis, IBD associated arthritis, reactivearthritis
36
Hladr2
MS, lupus,good pasture
37
Hladr3
T1DM, lopus,Graves,hashimotos,Addison.
38
HLADR4
Ra, T1DM, addison's
39
Hladr5
Pernicious anemia,hashimotos
40
Rheumatic fever
' streppyogenes Molecular mimicry Migratorypolyarthrits Pancarditis Skin nodules Erythemamarginatum Sydenham chorea
41
Baker's cyst
Seen in Ra
42
Lung in lupus
Most commonly pleuritis Ie chest pain worse when coughing laughing sneezing deep breathing Also increased risk of pneumonia and pleural effusion
43
Heart in lupus
Non-infectious endocarditis
44
Sjorgen comorridity
Lymphoma Fibromyalgia Other autoimmune
45
Siorgens symptoms
Dry eyes, dry mouth, e nlarged parody glands, raynauds, peripheral neuropathy, interstitial lung disease, synovitis,GERD
46
Siorgens drugs
2nd line Muscarinicagonists e.gpilocarpire
47
Sjorgen path
CD4 vs gland '
48
Most specificfest for Ra
Anti-CCP specific but less sensitive ~70% Rf more sensitive but less spe üf
49
Sarcoidosis
50
Sarcoidosis Reticular opacities
51
Sarcoidosis sx
Lung Skin Constitutional
52
Sarcoidosis Mx
Th1 Type 4 to occupational or environmental exposures Nc Granulomas
53
Nc granuloma causes
Sarcoidosis Mycobacteriumeg Tb Drug hypers- Hypers- pneumonitis
54
D x sarcoidosis
Clinical X-ray PFTs restrictive or normal Lung and Ln biopsy
55
Sarcadosis tx
Observe asymptom NSAIDs mild Short tolong course steroids severe
56
Amyladosismx
Misfolded protein . aggregates Beta pleated sheet Production> degradation Systemic or localized
57
Primary amyladosis
Neoplastic plasmacells Ig free light chain aggregates Multiple myeloma or idiopathic
58
Secondaryamyladosis
Serum amyloid A = HDL associated apolipoprotein Upregulated in acute inflammation Can be Autoimmune complication
59
Hereditaryamyloidosis
Various due to gene mutations causing misfolding
60
Familial medditeranian fever
Amyloidosis d/t pyrin mutation
61
Dialysis associated amyloid os is
Beta 2 microglobulin which is part of MHC class 2 Cannot be removed by dialysis Newer machinessomewhat better
62
Sx primary andsecondary amyladosis
General nonspecific ' vague Esp. Kidneys and GI Nephrotic syx Malabsorption Also can be tongue, cardiac, liver, spleen, carpal tunnel. H x. of autoimmuneor cancer
63
Amyladosis biopsy
. Congo red stain Apple greenbirefringence on polarized light Pink on he
64
B
65
DiGeorge syx
T cell deficiency mild to SCID, Cardiac anomalies Hypocalcemia Defectivepharyngeal pouch development ie thymus and parathyad 22q11 deletion
66
Adenosine deaminase deficient's
-type of SCIDfrom accumulation of ADA in lymphocytes
67
Chronic granulomatous disease
Neutrophil Nadph oxidase Bacterial and fungal Mainly staph aureus,pseudomonas, nocardia, aspergillus;serratiamarcescans candida Ie catalase positive bacteria that neutralize their own ros so thatneutrophils can't use their own ros against them
68
Chediak higashi syx
,bacterial infection,progressive neuro., albinism Autosomal recessive Lysosomal traffickingregulator gene Giant azurophilic granules
69
Myeloperoxidasedeficiency
Less severe neutrophil Asymptomatic orcandida infection Can besecondary todiabetes, cancer
70
Glucocorticoid Mx
. Inhibit nf-kb among others Needed for cytokineproduction Band T Eventual T apoptosis Also reduce margination
71
Cytostaticimmunosuppressante
In"hibit proliferation Eg Methotrexate. Cyclophosphamide Azothioprine Mycophenolate Myelosuppression and pancytopenia
72
Mycophenolate
Cytostatic immunosuppressant Inhibits imp dehyarogenase ie purine synthesis. Mostly transplant some autoimmune
73
Azothioprine
Metabolite 6-mp inhibits prpp amidotransferase ie purinesynthesis Nucleotide mimic
74
Methotrexate
Inibits dhfr ie, pyramidine and de novo purine synthesis Mostly thymidine Folic acid analogue Immunosippression, cancer, ectopic pre g.
75
Cyclophosphamide
Cross links DNA Mainly for cancers incl. Solid and heme
76
Calcineurin inhibitors
Inhibit calcineurin and thereby NFATand there by ll 2 production Eg tacrolimusand cyclosporine Highly nephrotoxic
77
Tacromilus
Binds fkbp thereby inhibiting calcineurin Mainly transplant also topical inatopic dermatitis
78
Cyclosporine
Binds cyclophilin inhibiting calcineurin Transplant, severe psoriasis, and 2nd line in severe Ra flares
79
Sirolimus
Aka rapamycin Binds fkbp therby inhibiting mtor Prevents IL2 response and thereby B and Tdifferentiation Mainly transplant
80
TN F alpha blockers
Infliximab Adalimumab Etanercept Sfx impaired granuloma formation therefore Tb susceptibility
81
Rituximab
Binds cd20 B cell apoptosis Type 2 hypersens. Release of cytokines during apoptosis may cause cytokine storm
82
Natalizumab
Alpha 4 integrin WBC extravasion Ms and chroni's Encephalitissusceptibility
83
Live attenuatedvaccines
Strongest,one dose T and B response Mmr, yellowfever, rotavirus Flu i chickenpox, small pox polio bcg typhoid, typhus Severe rxn in ic.
84
Inactivated vaccines
Safer butmore doses needed Rages, iv flu, Salk polio, hep A I typhoid,cholera
85
Toxoid vaccines
us modified. toxin Limited response,multiple doses Diphtheria, tetanus
86
Recombinantvaccines
DNA into cells Strong and lasting Hep B and hpv
87
Capsular vaccines
T independent Bacterial capsulepilysacchalides Not as good in kids Typhoid and pneumococcal
88
Conjugate vaccines
, Weak x strongantigen Band T Potent, betterimmunity againstthe weak antigen H flue B, diphtheria, meningococcus
89
D antigen
Rh factor
90
I Unit ofpacked rbc5 will raise hgb by about...
1 g/dl
91
Blood productfor traumatichemmorrage
Whole blood(not packed)
92
Histologicalsections of thymus and their functions
. Outer cortex=positive selection Inner medulla- negativeselection
93
Asplenia risks
Infection esp. With gram neg bacteria- h. Flu, strep preum, neisseria, kleibsella,salmonella
94
Howell jollybodies
Indicates asplenia - dark dots in erythrocytes
95
N
96
Cgd
Nadph oxidase deficiency Granulomas, bacterial and fungal infections Especially catalasepositive
97
Test for Cgd
Dihydrorhoda mine
98
Prophylactic tx in cgd
Bact rim anditraconazole and if n gamma

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