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STEP1 > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

1
Q

S1

A

AV valves closing - mitral and tricuspid
Pulmonary and aortic opening
beginning of systole

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2
Q

S2

A

closure of pulmonary and aortic
opening of mitral and tricuspid
beginning of diastole

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3
Q

S3

A

rapid ventricular filling
normal: children, athletes, pregnancy d/t added blood volume, vigorous relaxation of LV

abnormal: all else, often seen in decomposition CHF d/t high LA pressure

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4
Q

S4

A

atria contracting against stiff/noncompliant ventricle
always abnormal
ventricular hypertrophy, scar tissue

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5
Q

right border of heart CXR

A

mostly RA

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6
Q

anterior heart CXR

A

mostly RV

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7
Q

RV blood supply

A

R marginal artery

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8
Q

AV node blood supply

A

PDA

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9
Q

posterior walls of ventricles blood supply

A

PDA

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10
Q

anterior LV blood supply

A

LAD
most commonly occluded

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11
Q

lateral and posterior LV blood supply

A

left circumflex coronary artery

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12
Q

LV blood supply

A

posterior - PDA
anterior - LAD
lateral and posterior - left circumflex

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13
Q

LA blood supply

A

left circumflex

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14
Q

SA node blood supply

A

RCA

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15
Q

sympathetic innervation heart

A

T1-T4/5 spinal nerves/sympathetic trunk

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16
Q

lymph drainage heart

A

tracheobronchial nodes

17
Q

myocarditis causes

A

US: viral, usually coxsackievirus
South America: Trypanosoma cruzi

18
Q

intercalated discs

A

fascia adherens (contractility) - desmosomes (structural integrity) - gap junctions (propagation)

19
Q

cell type cardiac impulse generation

A

nodal cells of SA node

20
Q

β1 activation

A

By ne
Symp
In sa node Opens Na channels, increasing funny current.
→ increased frequency of spontaneous polarization
Ie. Increased hr
Ca influx in av node → same result - increased hr

Directly on myocytes opens Ca channels, increases Ca pump activity, increases Ca storage → increased hr and contractility

21
Q

Ach in hear t

A

Para
Muscarinic
Slow Hr
Sa node-closes Na channels, lowers funny current
Av node-closes ca channels, slowing transmission
No direct effect onmyocytes or contractility, unlike ne

22
Q

β2 receptors

A

Weakly binds to ne
NE → vasodilation @β2
@α1/2 → stronger binding, constricts tf overall vasoconstrictive effect as long as α1/2 are present

23
Q

α1/2 receptors

A

Strongly bind ne → vasoconstrictor
α blockers Tx hyper tension

24
Q

Connexin

A

Gap junction proteins- pores

25
Q

Dihydropyridine receptors

A

Cachannel- extra cellular to intra
Open dt depolarization
Trigger ryanodine receptors to release Ca from sr
Ca-induced Ca release

STEP1 (15 decks)

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