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Infection And Immunity > Microbial Virulence > Flashcards

Microbial Virulence Flashcards

1
Q

Kocks postulates

A

Causative relationship between microbe and disease

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2
Q

Attenuation

A

Decrease/loss of virulence of a pathogen

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3
Q

CD66 —> Pili

A

N.gonorrhoeae + Opa protein

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4
Q

Which gram contains filamentous proteins

A

Negative

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5
Q

What grows only in calf placenta? And why?

A

Brucella abortus

Erythritol

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6
Q

How much iron does bacteria need in a day?

A

0.4-40 uM

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7
Q

How much iron is available in the plasma?

A

10^-18 uM

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8
Q

Where is the majority of iron stored?

A

Haem / ferritin / haemosidern

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9
Q

Low levels of iron are associated with what?

A

Increased exotoxin production

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10
Q

Borrelia burgdoferi

A

Substitutes iron for manganse for its metal ion enzymes

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11
Q

Haem oxygenase

A

Extract iron

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12
Q

Sidephore

A

E.coli

Aerobactin acts upon transferrin

10^50

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13
Q

Transferrin

A

10^36

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14
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

Polysaccharide hyaluronic acid breakdown

Found in host cells

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15
Q

Strpetokinase

A

Break down fibrin clots

Pathogenic spread

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16
Q

Coagulase

A

Promotes clotting

S.aureus

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17
Q

Where are enterotoxin genes found?

A

Plasmids

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18
Q

Name 3 exotoxin categories

A

AB

Cytolytic

Super antigen toxins

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19
Q

Lecithinase

A

Cell lysis on Lecithin

Clostridium perfringins

20
Q

Cytolytic toxin

A

Staphylococcal a-toxin

Integrate into phosholipid

Oligomerize into lytic hepatamers

Undergo changes to produce membrane pores

21
Q

AB toxin inhibits what?

A

Protein synthesis

22
Q

Fragment B (AB)

A

Binds to host cell receptor

23
Q

Fragment A (AB)

A

Disrupts protein synthesis

24
Q

How are A - B bound?

A

Covalent bond /disulphide bond

25
Q

Diphtheria toxin

A

C.diphtheriale

Encoded by bacteriophage B

26
Q
  1. Stage of Diptheria toxin
A

B- Binds irreversibly to host HB-EGF

Epithelial surfaces nose /throat

27
Q

2.stage diptheria toxin

A

Cell uptakes toxin by endocytosis

28
Q

3.stage of diptheria toxin

A

Cleavage of A / B (disulphide bond)

A + ADP-ribosylates EF-2

Stopping protein synthesis

29
Q

Symptoms of diptheria toxin

A

Myocarditis

Neuritis

30
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

31
Q

Where does clostridium tetani germinate?

A

Enters in break of skin

Germinates in anoxic area

32
Q

Where is clostridium tetani found?

A

Endospore forming bacteria in soil

33
Q

Tetanospasmin binds to what?

A

Ganglioside lipids on termini of inhibitory interneurons

34
Q

Tetanospasmin has prevents release of what?

A

GABA (neurotransmitter)

AcH constantly released

Uncontrolled contractions

35
Q

Backward arching of neck caused by tetanospasmin

A

Opisthotonus

36
Q

Name a spastic paralysis causing toxin

A

Tetanospasmin

37
Q

Name a flaccid paralysis toxin

A

Botulium

38
Q

Type A / B /E/F C.botulium

A

Cause disease in humans

39
Q

Type H C.botulium

A

2ng causes death

Very very potent

40
Q

Botulium toxin structure

A

150kDa

Light /heavy chain

41
Q

Botulium toxin binds to what

A

Bioactive protein complex (BPC) binds to presynaptic termini at neuromuscular junction

42
Q

How does Botulium toxin stop AcH release?

A

Cleaves SNARE /SNAP proteins

Prevents muscle contraction as no excitatory AcH can bind to its ligand

43
Q

How is cholera transmitted? What route?

What produces the toxin?

A

Faecal oral route

Vivrio cholerae produces Choleragen

44
Q

How many B units are in Choleragen?

How many A units?

A

5B

1 A unit (A1/A2)

45
Q

B unit Choleragen binds to what? What does it allow?

A

B unit —> GM1

Allows A to penetrate cell

46
Q

A subunit from Choleragen binds to what?

What does it add from NAD?

A

Targets GTP

Adds ADP-Ribose (ADPR) from NAD

to AC-Gs

47
Q

AC-Gs-ADPR = what?

A

Increasing cAMP

Change in flux sodium/chloride

Cells lose water to gut lumen

20L secretion

Infection And Immunity (7 decks)

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