Key Words Virulence/sterli/antimicrobial

Question 1

Cleaning

Answer 1

Physical removal of contamination using DETERGENTS

Question 2

Disinfection

Answer 2

Reduce/Removal of microbial contamination using ANTIMICROBIALS

Question 3

Bacteriostatic

Answer 3

DOESNT reduce bacteria number

Question 4

Bacteriocidal

Answer 4

REDUCES cell number by LYSIS

Question 5

Antiseptic

Answer 5

Kills on external surfaces of BODY

Question 6

Preservative

Answer 6

Prevents decomposing produce such as food by inhibiting growth preventing MICROBIAL SPOILAGE

Question 7

Kelsey Sykes Test

Answer 7

TRIPLE CHALLENGE test to determine concentration of disinfectant thats effective in dirty conditions

Question 8

MIC

Answer 8

Lowest concentration that inhibits growth of microbes

Varies with different strains

Question 9

MHT

Answer 9

Lowest concentration which is TOXIC to the body

Question 10

Therapeutic range

Answer 10

Difference between the MHT-MIC

Question 11

Selective toxicity

Answer 11

MIC

Question 12

Sterlization

Answer 12

Biocidal agent / Physical process to remove ALL MICROORGANISMS

Has to be ABSOLUTE (be sterile or not)

Question 13

Red Heat

Answer 13

Bunsen burners

Question 14

Moist heat

Answer 14

Biocidal agent
134 3mins

Pressure / steam

Question 15

Dry heat

Answer 15

Oxidative Process

160-180 2hrs

Hot air / fans

Question 16

Gaseous Exchange

Answer 16

Formaldehyde

70 2hrs

Paper /cotton fabric

Question 17

Filtration

Answer 17

Sterilisation by REMOVAL

HEPA filters for ROOMS

Question 18

Bioburden

Answer 18

Concentration of microorganisms in a MATERIAL

Question 19

Terminal Sterlisation

Answer 19

Broths / Pipette tips

Question 20

Asceptic Processing

Answer 20

Pharmaceutical products

Question 21

Gentamicin

Answer 21

Narrow TR

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

MIC - 1ug/ml

MHT - 10ug/ml

Question 22

Benzyl penicillin

Answer 22

Large TR

Staph.aureus

MIC-0.02ug/ml

MHT-very very high

Question 23

Name 4 mechanisms of selective toxicity

Answer 23

Inhibit

Peptidoglycan synthesis-Penicillin

Tetrahydroflorate-sulphonamides

70s - tetracyclines

DNA synthesis - quinolones

Question 24

Microbiostatic

Answer 24

Inhibit growth

Relies on host to kill

Tetracyclines

Question 25

Micro biocidal

Answer 25

Microbes killed

Penicillin

Question 26

Linear graph of %strains inhibited to concentration of antibiotic

Answer 26

E.coli + benzyl penicillin

High variation

Question 27

Staph aureus and Benzyl Penicillin

Answer 27

Low variation

Question 28

MIC examples (2) using benzyl penicillin

Answer 28

Staph aureus - 0.02ug/ml

E.coli - 50ug/ml

Question 29

The lower the MIC?

Answer 29

More active the molecule

Question 30

For effective concentration of an antibiotic to work, what must occur?

Answer 30

Concentration administered must be HIGHER than MIC

Question 31

Name 3 factors which can affect the effective concentration of a drug

Answer 31

Route of administration

Distribution around body tissues

Plasma proteins

Question 32

How does a microorganism pick up different resistance

Answer 32

Conjugation (mixing genome)

Transformation (extra.DNA)

Transduction (bacteriophage)

Mutation (random)

Question 33

Why is resistance a concern

Answer 33

Treatment failure

Increased mortality

Selection pressure = gonnarea resistance to 15 antibiotics

Question 34

D value

Answer 34

Resistance of an organism

Time taken to achieve a 90% reduction in viable cells