Microbial Metabolism (Day 9) Flashcards

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1
Q

Is Gylcoloysis Anaerobic or Aerobic?

A

Anaerobic

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2
Q

What is the first step in cellular respiration?

A

Glycolosis

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3
Q

How does the three - Carbon pyruvate molecule convert into the two - carbon acetyl group that can be funneled into the Kreb cycle?

A

3 carbon pyruvate acid molecules are converted into a 2-carbon molecule attached to acetyl CoA via pyruvate oxidation, it then enters the Kreb cycle from here.

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4
Q

What is the net yield of CO2, GTP/ATP, FADH2, and NADH from the Krebs cycle?

A

2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1FADH2, 1 ATP/GTP this is all made by the substrate level phosphorylation.

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5
Q

How can intermediate carbon molecules of the Krebs cycle be used in a cell?

A

Building blocks for biosynthesis (Amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides)

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6
Q

ETC location and function for Prokaryotic cells

A

Plasma membrane, as electrons travel the chain they go from higher to lower on the energy level.

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7
Q

ETC location of Eukaryotic cells

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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8
Q

What is Substrate level phosphorylation?

A

Formation of ATP + ADP and phosphorylated intermediate.

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9
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Electrons from NADH + FADH flow through enzymes embedded in the cell membrane as part of the ETS, to the final inorganic acceptor.

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10
Q

What is the relationship between Chemiosmosis and proton motive force?

A

Chemiosmosis is used by oxidative phosphorylation to directly make ATP, the proton motive force moves (H+) to the other side of the membrane as electrons are passed along the chain.

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11
Q

What is the location of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

A

Mitochondrial matrix/ inner membrane

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12
Q

What is the location of ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells?

A

cytoplasm

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13
Q

What is aerobic respiration? (Final Electron accept and what it is reduced to)

A

Final electron acceptor is O2, Which is reduced to H2O

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14
Q

What is anaerobic respiration? ( (Final Electron accept and what it is reduced to)

A

Final electron acceptor is something other than O2

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15
Q

Define fermentation

A

Fermentation breaks down glucose to make ATP. It is recycling NADH to NAD+.

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16
Q

Anaerobic (type and yield)

A

inorganic, yield ATP: 5-36

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17
Q

Fermentation (type and yield)

A

organic, yield ATP: 2

18
Q

Aerobic (type and yield)

A

O2, yield ATP: 38

19
Q

What is the fermentation Pathway end product of Pyruvic acid?

A

CO2 + acetaldehyde

20
Q

What is the fermentation Pathway end product of Acetaldhyde?

A

Ethanol

21
Q

What is Homolactic Fermentation?

A

Lactic acid only (ie: yogurt)

22
Q

What is Hetrolactic Fermentation?

A

Lactic acid, ethanol, and acetic end products (ie: pickles)

23
Q

What is Catabolism?

A

enzymes breaking down carbohydrates to capture energy in ATP bonds

24
Q

What is the most common pathway?

A

Glycolysis

25
Q

What is the FIRST step in Glycolysis?

A

The energy investment phase

26
Q

What happens during the energy investment phase?

A

Cell spends ATP to phosphorylate glucose, forming two glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) molecules.

27
Q

What is the SECOND step in Glycolysis?

A

The energy payoff phase

28
Q

What happens during the energy payoff phase?

A

Harnesses the energy in the G3P molecules, producing 4 ATP molecules, 2 NADH molecules, and 2 pyruvates.

29
Q

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

A

Use glucose as carbon and energy source

30
Q

What is the purpose of the Transition Reaction?

A

Bridge between glycolysis + Kreb cycle

31
Q

The Krebs cycle, also known as _______.

A
  • citric acid cycle
  • tricarboxylic cycle
32
Q

How many Krebs cycle turns are required to process all of the carbon from one glucose molecule?

A

2

33
Q

What is the net gain from the Krebs cycle?

A
  • 6 NADH
  • 4 FADH2
  • 4 CO2
  • 2 ATP or GTP
34
Q

What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle? (Generates?)

A

Generation of high energy electron carriers

35
Q

What other organisms use intermediates from the Krebs cycle as building blocks for biosynthesis?

A
  • amino acids
  • fatty acids
  • nucleotides
36
Q

What are the 2 types of Cellular respiration?

A
  1. Aerobic respiration
  2. Anaerobic respiration
37
Q

What is the Electron transport chain? (ETC)

A

series of membrane-bound electron carrier

38
Q

What happens during the Electron transport chain?

A

NADH and FADH2 are oxidized through a series of redox reactions and a considerable amount of ATP is produced

39
Q

How do bacteria use oxidative phosphorylation?

A

H+ flows back down the electrochemical gradient into the bacterial cytoplasm through ATP synthase, providing the energy for ATP

40
Q

When do cells undergo fermentation?

A
  • No appropriate final electron acceptor
  • Lack of genes to make carriers in the electron transport system
  • Lack of genes to make enzyme(s) in Krebs cycle
41
Q

what does Fermentation lack?

A

electron transport system