Biochemistry of the Genome - Transcription, Translations + Mutations (Day 11) Flashcards
DNA is ____
Double-stranded, helix shape
RNA is ____
Single-stranded, can fold on itself
What does messenger (mRNA) do?
Serves as an intermediary between DNA and Protein; Used by ribosomes to direct synthesis of protein it encodes.
What does transfer (tRNA) do?
Carries correct amino acids to the site of protein synthesis in the ribosome.
What does ribosomal (rRNA) do?
Ensures proper alignment of mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes during synthesis. (catalyzes peptide bond formations between amino acids)
How can RNA serve as hereditary information?
for viruses that lack DNA
How is RNA synthesized using DNA as a template?
Via transcription.
What is the genetic code?
relationship between mRNA codon and it corresponding amino acid
Why is the genetic code universal?
Several mRNA codons code for the same amino acid
In translation what is Initiation?
Transitional complex forms, and tRNA
In translation what is Elongation?
tRNAs bring amino acids one by one to add to the polypeptode chain.
In translation what is Termination?
Release factor recognizes stop codon, the transitional complex dissociates, and completed polypeptides are released.
Translation in prokaryotes
70S, translation and transcription occur simultaneously (rapid cellular response)
Translation in Eukaryotes
80S, localized to cytoplasm
What do Tetracyclines do?
Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit and block tRNA bonding
What do Aminoglycosides do?
Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit, impairs proofreading and results in faulty proteins