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Microbial Growth (in Vitro) Flashcards

1
Q

What are Halophilic MOs?

A

MOs that prefer salty environments

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2
Q

What are Haloduric MOs?

A

MOs that don’t prefer salty environments (but can still grow)

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3
Q

What happens to cells without cell wall in Hypotonic solution?

A

Hemolysis (lysis)

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4
Q

What happens to cells without cell wall in Hypertonic solution?

A

Crenation

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5
Q

What happens to cells with cell wall in Hypotonic solution?

A

Plasmoptysis

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6
Q

What happens to cells with cell wall in Hypertonic solution?

A

Plasmolysis

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7
Q

Which temperature classification do pathogenic MOs have?

A

Mesophiles (closest to humans)

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8
Q

List the 6 classifications of temperature tolerance in bacteria:

A

(Hyper)Thermophiles
Mesophiles
Psychrophiles & Psychrotrophs
[Psychroduric]

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9
Q

What is the optimum range of Thermophiles?

A

50-60

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10
Q

What is the optimum range of Mesophiles?

A

20-40

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11
Q

What is the full range of Psychrophiles ?

A

-5 ~ 30
Optimum is 10~20

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12
Q

What are Alkaliphiles?

A

MOs that prefer a pH>8.5

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13
Q

What is the only human pathogen that is classified as an alkaliphile?

A

Vibrio cholera (small intestine)

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14
Q

What is an Acidiophile?

A

MO that prefer pH 2-5

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15
Q

Preferable pH for pathogenic MOs?

A

Neutral/slightly alkaline

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16
Q

What are Microaerophiles?

A

MOs Require O2 in sub-atmospheric conc (5%)

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17
Q

What are Facultative anaerobes?

A

MOs that Doesn’t care about O2 conc

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18
Q

What are Aerotolerant anaerobes?

A

MOs that prefer no O2 but tolerate it

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19
Q

What is considered a high CO2 concentration?

A

5-10 %

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20
Q

What does HBOT stand for?

A

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

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21
Q

What are piezophiles?

A

MOs that grow in high atmospheric pressure

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22
Q

2 types of enriched medium agar

A

Blood agar
Chocolate agar

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23
Q

State a type Enriched medium broth

A

Thioglycolate for anaerobic cultures (at the bottom)

24
Q

Give an example on a selective medium
+ state what it’s selective for
(+ What inhibitors are added)

A

MacConkey agar ; G- bacteria ; (Bile salts & Crystal violet)

25
Q

What is the incubation time forr mycobacterium TB?

A

4-6 weeks (slow grower)

26
Q

Usual incubation time for MOs?

27
Q

3 types of incubators

A

Ordinary (room air)
Anaerobic
CO2 incubator

28
Q

2 life forms that survive desiccation

A

Bacterial spores
Protozoan cysts

29
Q

Give 3 examples of cell cultures

A

Embryonated chicken eggs
Lab animals
Cell culture lines

30
Q

Give 3 examples of cell culture lines

A

Monkey kidney cells
Human lung cells
Cancer cells

31
Q

How is positive growth of obligate pathogens identified?

A

Cytopathogenic effects

32
Q

3 examples of obligate intracellular pathogens

A

Viruses
Chlamydia
Rickettsia

33
Q

Which agar has the lowest pH

A

Subouraud dextrose agar

34
Q

What agars can be used for fungi?

35
Q

What MOs kingdom are acidiophiles?

36
Q

2 species of ameba & ameba-like protozoa that causes fatal CNS infection

A

Acanthamoeba
Naeglaria

37
Q

Xenic vs axenic ?

A

Xenic contain foreign cell

38
Q

What is an example of a subject of a sporicidal?

A

Clostridium spores

39
Q

Aseptic vs antiseptic techniques

A

Aseptic: during procedure (sterile)

Antiseptic: eliminating pathogen on a living surface (disinfection)

40
Q

Which 3 microbes are most resistant to sterilization?

A

Prions
Coccidia
Mycobacteria

41
Q

Which microbe is least resistant to sterilization?

A

Lipid / medium sized viruses

42
Q

Which 2 microbes have intermediate resistance to sterilization?

A

Non lipid / small viruses
Fungi

43
Q

What is TDP?

A

Thermal death point
(Lowest temp to sterilize a pure culture)

44
Q

What is TDT?

A

Thermal death time
(Shortest time to sterilize a pure culture)

45
Q

What temperature do we use in dry heat sterilization?

A

160-165 for 2h
Or 170-180 for 1h

46
Q

What are the requirements for autoclaving ?

A

121.5°C / 15psi / 20mins

47
Q

When is filtration used? Give examples

A

When heat is inappropriate
(Fluids & Protein)

48
Q

Define bionurden

A

Type & quantity of microbe to be disinfected

49
Q

How is the power of disinfectants assessed ?

A

By comparison to phenol

50
Q

Mechanism of disinfection of phenols (alcohols)

A

Destruction of cell membrane
++ proteins & enzymes

51
Q

2 Examples of disinfectant that destroy cell membrane

A

Surface-active soaps & detergents

52
Q

4 Examples of disinfectant that destroy protein & enzymes

A

H2O2
Formaldehyde
Halogens
heavy metal salts

53
Q

7 examples of heavy metal salt disinfectants

A

Silver
Nickel
Mercury
Zinc
Copper
[A silver nickel maycure a زنجي cop]

Calomel & Mercurochrome

54
Q

What is calomel made from?

A

Mercury chloride (Hg2Cl2)

55
Q

What is mercurochrome made from?

A

Hydroxymercurifluorescein

56
Q

What disinfectant work on nucleic acids?

A

Ethylene oxide

57
Q

Which disinfectants are also sterilizing?

A

Formaldehyde & Ethylene oxide

Microbiology (16 decks)

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