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Microbiology > Microbial Growth Control > Flashcards

Microbial Growth Control Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Physical control methods

A 
Heat
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Filter
Cold
Desiccation
High osmotic pressure
Radiation
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2
Q

Factors influence effectiveness of chemical control

A

Dilution
Time
pH
Organic matter

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3
Q

Types of disinfectants

A 
Phenol
Halogens
Heavy metals
Alcohol
Surface active agents
Quats
Aldehydes
(PHHASQuAl)
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4
Q

Removal of all microbial life

A

Sterilization

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5
Q

Killing c. Botulinium

A

Commercial sterilization

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6
Q

Removal or pathogens

A

Disinfection

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7
Q

Removal of pathogens from LIVING TISSUE

A

antisepsis

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8
Q

Lower microbial counts on utensils

A

Sanitation

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9
Q

Removal of microbes from LIMITED AREA

A

Degerming

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10
Q

Kills microbes

A

Biocide / germicide

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11
Q

INHIBITING microbes

A

Bacteriostasis

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12
Q

Use light for metabolism
Have chlorophyll
Use carbon dioxide and oxygen - main byproduct
Organic products

A

Phototrophs

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13
Q

Use hydrogen and sulfur

A

Chemotrophs

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14
Q

Needs oxygen
Increase o2
Decrease co2

A

Aerobic

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15
Q

Needs less oxygen
Decrease o2
Increase co2

A

Anaerobic

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16
Q

Time required for a bacteria to grow and divide

A

Generation time

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17
Q

Depicts how a bacteria behaves in a certain medium

A

Growth curve

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18
Q

Growth curve phases

A

Lag
Log
Stationary
Decline

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19
Q

Effectiveness of antimicrobial depends on

A 
Characteristics of microbe
Number of microbe
Environment
Time of exposure
(C-NET)
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20
Q

Lowest temp at which all cells in a culture are killed in 10mins

A

Thermal death point

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21
Q

Time to kill all cells in a culture

A

Thermal death time

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22
Q

Minutes to kill 90% of a population at a given temp

A

Decimal reduction time

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23
Q

Effect of moist heat

A

Protein denaturation

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24
Q

Autoclaving

A 
Moist heat
Steam under pressure
15mins 
121C 
15psi
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25
Q

Pasteurization

A

63c for 30 mins
73c for 15 sec
140c for 1 sec

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26
Q

Reduce spoilage

A

Pasteurization

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27
Q

Kills by oxidation

A

Dry heat sterilization

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28
Q

Hot air sterilization

A

170c for 2hrs

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29
Q

Removes microbes by trapping in filter

A

Filtration

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30
Q

Inhibits microbial growth

A

Low tempreature
Refrigeration
Deep freezing
Lyophilization

31
Q

Deep freezing

A

-20c or -80c

32
Q

Prevents metabolism

A

Dessication

33
Q

Causes plasmolysis

A

Osmotic pressure

34
Q

Damages dna

A

Radiation

35
Q

Types of radiation

A

Ionizing
Non ionizing
Microwaves

36
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Xray
Gamma rays
Electron beams

37
Q

Surface sterilization only

A

Non ionizing radiation

UV

38
Q

Evaluating a disinfectant

A

Dilution test

Disk diffusion

39
Q

Dilution test

A

Metal ring dipped in bacteria - dry
Dried ring place in diluted disinfectant
Transfer to culture
Determine if bacteria survived the treatment

40
Q

Disruption of plasma membrane

A

Phenols

41
Q

Types of phenolics

A

O-phenylphenol (lysol)
Hexachlorophene
Triclosan
Turpinol ( pine-sol)

42
Q

Halogens

A 
Iodine
Povidone iodine
Sodium hypochlorite
Bromine tablets
Chlorine gas
43
Q

Denature protein by breaking disulfide bonds

A

Iodine and betadine

Heavy metals

44
Q

Strong oxidizers

A

Bromine

Chlorine

45
Q

Denatures proteins and dissolve lipids

A

Alcohol

46
Q

Heavy metals

A

Mercurachron
Copper sulfate
Zinc chloride
Silver nitrate

47
Q

Antiseptic for wounds

A

Mercurachron

48
Q

Algicide

A

CuSo4

49
Q

Mouth wash

A

Znc chloride

50
Q

Antiseptic for eyes, wounds

A

Silver nitrate

51
Q

Surface active agents

A

Soap

Acid anionic detergents

52
Q

Degerming

A

Soap

53
Q

Sanitizing

A

Acid anionic detergents

54
Q

Disrupt plasma membrane

Denature proteins

A

Quats

55
Q

Quats

A

Benzalkonium cl
Roccal
Cationic detergents ( cetylpyridinium )

56
Q

Zephiran

A

Benzalkonium cl

57
Q

Cepacol

A

Cetylpyridinium chloride

58
Q

Inactivate proteins by cross linkingnwith functional groups

A

Aldehydes

59
Q

Disinfectant for hospital equipments

A

Aldehydes

60
Q

Denature proteins

Dissolve membranes

A

Acids and bases

61
Q

Naoh

A

Floor cleaner

62
Q

Ammonium hydroxide

A

Break down lipids

63
Q

Benzoid caid

A

Food products

64
Q

Gas sterilants

A

Denature proteins

65
Q

Ethylene oxide

A

Sterilize hospital equip
Disposable lab plastic ware
Carcinogenic

66
Q

Dialysis equipment

A

Peracetic acid

67
Q

Swimming pool

A

O3

Cl2

68
Q

Skin

A

H2o2

69
Q

Most resistant - least resistant

A 
Prions
Endospore of bacteria
Mycobacteria
Cysts of protozoa
Vegetative protozoa
Gram neg
Fungi
Gram pos
Virus wd envelope
70
Q

Poor in endospore

Good in mycobacteria

A

Phenolics

Alcohols

71
Q

Not effective in both endospore and mycobacteria

A

Quats

72
Q

Fair effectiveness in endospore and mycobacteria

A

Chlorines

73
Q

Fair im endospores

Good im mycobacteria

A

Aldehydes

74
Q

Factors affecting microbial control

A

Temperature
Species
Environment

Microbiology (5 decks)

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