Microbial growth

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

• All cellular components in cytoplasm
• No nucleus
• No organelles
• Extremophiles

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

• DNA in nucleus
• Organelles
• Compartmentalisation

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

Process of breaking down nutrients to create chemical energy

Question 4

Catabolism

Answer 4

Digestion of nutrients taken from the Environment to gain energy and building blocks used to make new cellular structures

Question 5

Anabolism

Answer 5

Use the energy and building blocks from catabolic and metabolism to build higher order biochemicals and components

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

naturally occurring biological molecules made primarily of C,H,O (highly hydrophobic) soluble in organic solvents, more reduced than carbs = Energy dense.

Question 7

Saturated lipid

Answer 7

straight chain, no double bonds

Question 8

Unsaturated lipid

Answer 8

Bent chain, double bonds

Question 9

Lipids use

Answer 9

Storage (energy)
structure (membrane, polar)
Regulatory (hormones)
Vitamins

Question 10

Cell membrane

Answer 10

Phospholipid bilayer - primary barrier between inside of the cell and its environment. Head groups provide charge barrier.

Fatty acid tails - provide hydrophobic barrier to molecular transport.

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Translate mRNA into a protein sequence via tRNA

Question 12

Replication

Answer 12

DNA–> DNA

Question 13

Transcription

Answer 13

DNA –> RNA

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

RNA –> protein

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

long amino acid chain

Question 16

Polypeptide

Answer 16

Short amino acid chain