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BIO 2440 > Microbial disease of the respiratory system > Flashcards

Microbial disease of the respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

Upper respiratory system

A
  • nose, phraynx, larynx
  • subtypes
    • middle ear, auditory tube

-ducts
- sinuses, nasolacrimal, lacrimal, nasal

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2
Q

Lower respiratory

A
  • Trachea, broncial tubes, alveoli
  • involves cilliary escliator
    • moves trapped particles up towards the throat
      IgA antibodies secreates as mucus, saliva and tears
  • only wants gases to enter
  • epiglottis is the diver of top and bottom
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3
Q

Bacterial disease of the upper respiratory system

A
  • Strep throat
    • streptococcal pharyagitis
    • caused by GAS
      • S. pysogenes
    • resistant to phagocytosis
    • local inflammation, fever, tonsillits, enlarged lymph nodes
      • diagnosed by lymph nodes

Scarlet fever
- erythrogenic toxins
- S. pyogenses
- damages lower respiratory disease

Diphtheria
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- forms a tough gray membrane in throat
- blocks air to the lungs
- dead tissue and fibrin
- Exotoins produce lysogenized bacteria
- toxin ciruclates in blood and damges the heart and kidneys
- DTaP vaccine

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4
Q

Otitis media

A
  • Infection of the middle ear
    • pus puts pressure on the eardrum
    • casued by normal microbiota
      - mostly streptococcus pneumoinae
    • treated with broad-spectrum penicillins
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5
Q

Common cold

A
  • over 200 different viruses
  • Rhinoviruses 30-50%
  • coronaviruses 10- 15%
  • antibiotic arent useful
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6
Q

disease of the lower respiratory system

A
  • brochitis
  • brochiolitis
  • pneumoina
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7
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

A
  • Bordetlla pertussis
  • produces a capusle
  • tracheal cytotoxins damage ciliated cells
  • toxins enter the blood stream

Stage 1
- catarrhal stage like the common cold
Stage 2
- paroxysmal: violent coughing and gasping for air
Stage 3
- convalesences stag, may last for months
preventable by vaccine DTaP

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8
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • acid fast
  • 20-hr generation time
  • lipids in the cell wall will make it resitiant to drying and antimicrobials
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9
Q

Tuberculosis pathogens

A
  • inhaled organisms are phagocytized by alveolar macrophages
  • most damage is done b/c immune response
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10
Q

Treatment for tuberculosis

A
  • min. 6 months of drug thearpy
  • 1st line drugs
    • rifampin
  • Second line
    • aminoglycosides and fluorquinolones
  • multiresistant drugs
    • used if resistant to 1st line of drugs
  • extensively drug resitant
    • used of resistant to second line
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11
Q

Bacterial Pneumonias

A
  • Typical pnuemoina
    • S. pneumoniae
  • atypical pneumoina
    • other organisms
  • lobar pneumoina
    • infects lobes of the lungs
  • Bronchopnueumonia
    • infects alveoli adjecent to the lungs
      -Plerisy
    • pleural membrane inflamed
      • around the alveoli
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12
Q

Pneumococcal pnuemonia

A
  • lungs are filled with liquid and RBCs interfere with O2 uptake
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13
Q

Haemophilus influnenzae pneumoina

A

-predispoing factors
- alcoholism, poor nutriton, cancer and diabetes
- acquired immunity
- treated with cephalosporinsM

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14
Q

Mycoplasmal pnuemonia

A
  • -Mycoplasma pnuemoniae
  • no cell wall
    treated with tetracycline
  • fried egg apperance
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15
Q

Legionellosis

A
  • grows in water and air conditioning
  • via inhaling aerosils
    treated with erthrommycin and macrolide
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16
Q

Chlamydial pneumonia

A
  • via person to person
  • treated with tetracycline
17
Q

Psttacosis

A
  • ornithosis
  • bird dropping getting kicked into the air
    treated with tetracyclines
18
Q

Q fever

A
  • requires a host cell
  • tick bites to farm animals
    unpasturaized milk and inhalation of aersols from animals to humans
19
Q

Viral disease of the lower respiratory system

A

-Viral pneumoina
- caused by a virus

20
Q

Bacterial diseases of the Urinary system

A
  • Urethritis
    • inflammation of the urethris
      -Cystitis
    • inflammation on the bladder
  • Ureteritis
    • inflammation of the urters
  • Pyelonephritis
    • inflammation in 1 or bothe kidneys
    • mostly due to E.coli
21
Q

Cystitis

A
  • E. coli
    -dysuria: painful urination
  • pyuria: pus in urine
22
Q

Pyelonephritis

A
  • 75% of cases caused by E. coli
  • fever and back pain
    mostly results in bacteremia
23
Q

Leptospirosis

A
  • skin contact from urine contaminated water
  • headaches, muscular pain, fever
24
Q

Gonorrhea

A
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • attaches to the epitheail mucosa by the fimbriae
    • invades spaces between columnar epithelial cells
  • inflammation and pus
  • acquired sexually
  • syptoms in men:
    painful urination
    discharge of pus
  • symptoms in women
    pelvic inflammatory disease
  • no adaptive immunity
  • treat with cephalosporins
25
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A
  • extensive bacterial infection in females pelvis
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • C. trachomatis
  • chronic abdominal pain
  • treatment
    • doxyxline and cefoxitin
26
Q

Syphilis

A
  • invades the mucosa or break through skin and enter the bloodstream
  • induces inflammatory response

Primary stage
- painless
- highly infectious
- disappears after 2 weeks
Secondary stage
- rashes on palms and soles mostly
Latent period
- no symptoms
Tertiary stage
- Gummatous: gummas on many organs
- cardiovascular syphiis: weakens the aorta
- neruosyphiis: affects CNS causes dementia
-Congenital: neurologial damage to the fetus
- ELIZA test

27
Q

Chancroid

A
  • Haemophiuls ducreyi
  • from drug use
  • painful ulcers on genitals and swollen lymph nodes in the groin
    • sexually transmission of HIV
28
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A
  • Vaginitis
    inflammation of the vagina due to infection
  • Vaginosis: no sign of infection
  • fishy odor, frothy discharge
29
Q

Genital herpes

A
  • HSV 2
  • painful vesicles on the genitals
  • painful urination
    • heals in 2 weeks
  • No cure
30
Q

Genitals warts

A

HPV

31
Q

Candidiasis

fungal

A

opportunistic overgrowth
yeasty thick yellow discharge

32
Q
A

BIO 2440 (5 decks)

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