Microbes And Health Flashcards
Pathogens attach themselves to their hosts by means of ….
Adhesins or ligands
Causative agents of diseases include
Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, Helminthes, prions
….. are pathogenic organisms that are transmittable and cause misfolding of normal cellular proteins
Prions
Parasitic worms found in the intestines and blood vessels are callled
Helminthes
The ability of abpayhigen to overcome a hosts defenses to cause disease is called
Virulence or pathogenicity
The tendency of organism of a pathogen to spread quickly and aggressively is called
Invasiveness
The ability to invoke different immune responses in a host is called pathogen
Antigenic variation
The amount of organism that must be present in cells to cause disease is called
Infectious dose
Examples of bacterial diseases include
Strep throat, tuberculosis, pneumonia and meningitis
Spirilae are……, Vibrios are…., Bacilli are……, Spirochaetes are……
Spiral,curved,rod-shaped, comma-shaped
Thrush, ringworm and athletes foot are…. Diseases
Fungal
…… Treatments may cause liver damage
Antifungal
……are plantlike orgs that feed on dead organic matter
Fungi
Unicellular orgs found in decayed material and contaminated water are
Protozoans
Amoebic dysentery, malaria and trichomonas are caused by
Protozoa
Parasites living in the cells of other orgs are. ..
Rickettsiae
Rickesttsiae diseases include
Typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever
Virus only reproduce in …
Other living cells
Examples of viral diseases are…..
Common cold, warts, polio, flu , hepatitis
Diseases acquired in a health facility is termed
Nosocomial
Diseases originating outside the body are
Exogenous
Diseases originating from the body are
Endogenous
Diseases which thrive due to weak immune system are
Opportunistic
Elements in the chain of infection are
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
Infectious agent are….. Causing diseases
Pathogen
Objects contaminated with pathogens e.g bed pans linens are….
Fomites
A place where a pathogen can live or survive but may or may not multiply is
Reservoir
Means by which microorganism leave the reservoir in which it has been living to another reservoir or a new host is called
Portal of exit
P. O. Exit include
Urine, blood, faeces, GI tract, saliva, skin, resp tract
Link by which pathogen spread to a new host is called
Give examples
Mode of transmission
Air droplet, common vehicle, contaminated hands, direct contact
Way to enter a new host is
Portal of entry e.g
Damaged skin, GI tract, GU tract, resp tract
Non living reservoirs include
Soil and water
Diseases occuring primarily in animals but could be transmitted t humans are
Zoonotic
Diseases that gain entrance by resp tract include
Flu, small pox, measles, pneumonia, common cold
Disease that gain entrance by GU tract include
Trichomonas, hepatitis B, herpes,
Diseases that gain entrance by gastrointestinal tract include
Hep A, typhoid, cholera, polio
The most common means of infection transmission in health facilities is by
Droplets
Airborne diseases involve
Nuclei droplet, dust and squames transmission
Body defences against diseases imclude
HCL, tears, cilia in GI tract, immune response
The phenomena in which a critical concentration of immune hosts prevent disease spread is called
Herd immunity
Infectious dose of salmonellosis is
1 million orgs
