Drugs And Mankind Flashcards
Category 0 drugs are …..
Preventative drugs e.g vaccine, heparin
Category 1 drugs are…. Or reverse a disease’s effects
Address the aetiology of disease and help to stop it from evolving e.g steroids for Addison’s disease
Category 2 drugs do not address the aetiology of disease but …
Reduce its pathophysiological processes e.g antihypertensives
Category 3 drugs function by…
Reducing clinical manifestations or symptoms of disease.
Category 3 drugs are named to address
Specific disease manifestations e.g psychotics in schizophrenia
Category 4 address…. E.g
Non- specific disease related manifestations e.g analgesics, antihistamines, or antiallergics
Category 5……
Do not treat any disease
The systematic naming of drugs is called
Drug nomenclature
Naming a drug according to its chemical structure gives
Chemical name
What is generic name
The common name of a drug by which it’s called
Drug products that contain two drugs in a single dosage form are called
Combination drug products
Trade or brand name is
The name given to a drug by the manufacturer to distinguish it from others
Ferrous sulphate is obtained from
Mineral source
Heparin is an example of a drug from….
Animal source
Ampicillin is an example of
Semi-synthetic drugs.
The routes of drug administration are classified as
Enteral and parenteral
The parenteral means of drug administration includes
Intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular
The enteral means of drug administration include
Oral, buccal and sublingual, and rectal
If drugs pass through the G.I tract, it is
Enteral
If drugs don’t pass through the G.I tract, the route is
Parenteral
Drugs designed to be dissolved in the mouth or underneath the tongue for immediate absorption are
Sublingual or buccal e.g Nitroglycerin
Drugs taken through rectal route are either… Or….
Suppositories (solid) or enema (liquid)
Drugs for arrhythmias and seizures are given by
Fast intravenous injection
Drugs given through the peripheral vein are
Intravenous
Drugs admistered under the skin by injection are
Subcutaneous
Drugs injected into the muscles at the buttocks or thigh are
Intramuscular
Drugs taken though the mouth or nostrils through the active breathing of the patient are grouped as
Imhalation
The means by which drugs are delivered to the sites of action within the body are called
Dosage forms
Dosage forms are classified based on
Route of administration and physical form.
What is adverse drug reaction
ADR refers to any unintended occurrence or negative response at the normal dose for prophylaxis , diagnosis and treatment of a condition
What is ADE
ADR is any untoward medical occurrence during treatment that bears no casual relation to the treatment
What is Serious Adverse Reaction
SAD is untoward occurrence which could lead to prolonged hospitalisation or could be life threatening
What is Medication Error
Medication error is the preventable medical o currence leading to patient harm or wrong medication use while in control of medical personnel, patient
Type of ADR that is dose dependent and predictable is
Type A
Type of ADR that is not dose-dependent and unpredictable and uncommon is grouped as
Type B
The use of the right medications , in the right proportions at the lowest cost possible to the patient and community is termed
Rational drug use
The programme for international drug monitoring by who started due to
Thalidomide disaster in 1961
The programme for international drug monitoring by who started due to
Thalidomide disaster in 1961
The agency responsible for pharmacovigilance in Nigeria is
NAFDAC
What is pharmacovigilance
This refers to the science and activities for assessment, control and prevention of adverse drug effects
The use of too many drugs by one person is called
Poly-pharmacy
Types of irrational drug use occur during
Diagnosis
Prescription
Dispensal
Packaging
Types of irrational drug use occur during
Diagnosis
Prescription
Dispensal
Packaging
The term use as directed means
There are specific directions on frequency and dosage
The term use as prescribed means
It requires a physician’s approval for frequency and dosage
The term use as appropriate means
There are no specific instructions on frequency of use and quantity.
Physical dependence means that
The body has become habituated to the physical presence of the drug
Psychological dependence is manifested as
Uncontrollable carving for a drug
Types of commonly abused drugs include
Narcotics Antidepressants Stimulants Opioid Hallucinogens Inhalants
Types of commonly abused drugs include
Narcotics Antidepressants Stimulants Opioid Hallucinogens Inhalants
Drugs that increase the activity of the C.N.S and make one feel alert, focused and energetic are
Stimulants
Hallucinogens are also known as
Psychedelics
….. And ….. Are the most- commonly abused drugs after cannabis
Methamphetamine and ecstasy
Stimulants include
Cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamine
Drugs used though the opioid receptors are called
Opiods
Drugs used though the opioid receptors are called
Opiods
Examples of opioids include
Morphine, heroin, codejne
What are inhalants
Drugs that can be wholly inhaled throuhh the nose, paint
Cannabis is … Derived and most commonly used drug
Plant
Forms in which cannabis can be used ir
Bhang, ganja, chara and harshish oil
Hallucinogens are also known as…. Act by
Psychedelics alter perception of reality, time and space
…… slow down the activity of the brain to produce a calming effect
Depressants
Examples of depressants are
Alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates
Hallucinogens include
Lysergic Acid diethylamide (LSD) , DMT psylobicin
Opioid act through the …… and include
Opioid receptors, codeine, morphine, heroin,
Drugs that increase the brain activity called ….. Include
Stimulants, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine
Cannabis acts through the….. of the brain.
Cannabinoid receptors
Cannabis acts through the….. of the brain.
Cannabinoid receptors
What people do for themselves to maintain good health, prevent or deal with a disease is called
Self care
Selection and use of drugs to treat self-recignised symptoms refers to
Self medication
