Microbes Flashcards
1
Q
The DNA of a virus is enclosed by…
A
A capsid (a protein coat made up of protein capsomeres)
2
Q
Bacteria general shapes
A
- Coccus - round
- Bacillus - rod
- Spirillum - curved or twisted
3
Q
Characteristics of fungi
A
- Filaments called hyphae
- cell walls containing chitin
- asexual or sexual reproduction
4
Q
Organisms / cells with a nucleus
A
Eukaryotes
5
Q
Three main groups of protista
A
- Mould-like protista
- Animal-like protozoa (unicellular)
- Plant-like algae
6
Q
The Kingdom this Slime Mould belongs to:
A
Protista
7
Q
Bacteria shape:
A
Bacilli
8
Q
Shape of virus:
A
Spherical virus
9
Q
The place where viruses replicate
A
In a host cell
10
Q
Bacteria shape:
A
Vibrio
11
Q
Conjugation
A
Exchange of genetic information between different bacteria
12
Q
Kingdom that bacteria are classified in the five kingdom system of classification
A
Monera
13
Q
Functions of bacterial glycocalyx
A
- Protection
- Some also secrete slime layer
- Some form a protective capsule
14
Q
Bacterial cell envelope
A
Three layered:
- glycocalyx
- cell wall
- cell membrane
15
Q
Parts of a bacterial cell:
A
A: Cell Wall
B: Flagella
C: Bacterial DNA/ nucleoid
16
Q
Feeding in amoeba
A
- Heterotrophic
- Engulf food
- Form food vacuoles
17
Q
Micrometres in a millimetre
A
1 000
18
Q
Shape of virus:
A
Rod-shaped virus
19
Q
The structure in which spores grow in a bread mould
A
Sporangia
20
Q
Reproduction of bacteria
A
- Asexually
- Binary fission (halving)
- No mitosis (no nucleus to divide)
21
Q
Bread mould (genus name)
A
Rhizopus sp.
22
Q
Viruses are classified by…
A
- Shape
- Envelope present or absent
- Organism they infect
- Mode of transmission
- Disease they cause
- DNA or RNA
23
Q
Reproduction in protista
A
- Asexual (often in harsh environments)
- Sexually by production of gametes
24
Q
Lysogenic virus cycle
A
- Nucleic acid of virus replicates at same time as host
- ‘Long term’ relationship
25
External structures of bacteria
* Flagellae - filaments for swimming
* Fimbriae - fibres for sticking to each other
* Pili - long fibres for conjugation
26
How viruses replicate
Use host cell enzymes and ribosomes to make more viruses
27
Structure of fungi
A mycelium made of:
* Feeding hyphae threads
* A longer stolon thread spreading the fungus
* Aerial hyphae supporting sporangia
28
Endospore of bacterium
* Dormant form of some bacteria
* Able to resist extreme heat or drought.
29
Prokaryotes
Simple cells with no nucleus or organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts
30
Branches of the stolon in *Rhizopus* that penetrate the substrate and anchor the mycelium
rhizoids
31
The inside core of a virus contains...
* Nucleic acids
* DNA or RNA
32
Bacteria shape:
Spirilla
33
Branches of *Rhizopus* that grow vertically and develop sporangia on their tips
Sporangiophores
34
Nucleoid of a bacterium
* A long single strand of DNA
* Clumped together
35
Viral characteristics
* Ultramicroscopic
* Pass through ultra-filters that normally trap microbes
* No metabolic enzymes when outside host
* Replicate only inside hosts (parasites)
* Genetic info as DNA or RNA
36
Some ways of classifying bacteria
* Cell shape
* Gram positive or negative (does a particular dye penetrate the cell walls or not)
* aerobic or anaerobic
37
Individual strands of a fungus that make up the mycelium
Hyphae
38
The outdated system according to which all life are classified into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
The five kingdom system
39
Name and kingom of this organism:
*_Rhizopus sp._* (black bread mould)
Fungi
40
Nanmoetres in a millimetre
1 000 000
41
Bacteria that live in the absence of oxygen
Anaerobic bacteria
42
Characteristics of bacteria
* Smallest cells
* Unicellular prokaryotes
* Cell walls contain peptoglycan
* Heterotrophs and some autotrophs
* Some capable of anaerobic respiration
43
Lytic viral cycle
* Virus enters host and replicates
* Then bursts cell and new viruses released
44
E.g.'s of viral diseases (at least 3)
* Warts
* common cold
* Influenza
* HIV
* herpes
45
The mass of interwoven filaments that form the organism that is a mould
mycelium
46
Organism and classification
*_Spirogyra_*
Protist: Algae
47
Basic structure of a bacterium
* Cell envelope
* Protoplasm
* Nucleoid
48
Viruses that affect bacteria
Bacteriophage
49
Shape/type of virus:
Bacteriophage / phage
50
Name and Kingdom of this chloroplast containing organism:
*_Euglena sp._*
Protista
51
Bacterial shape:
Cocci
52
kingdom in which algae and slime moulds are classified in the five kingdom system of classification
Protista
53
Microbes that are not considered to be living cells
viruses
54
Asexual reproduction in fungi
* By spores (made by sporangia)
* By budding (especially unicellular fungi)
* By fragmentation
55
100 um (micrometres) converted to mm
0,1 mm
56
Millimetres in a metre
1 000
57
Organism and classification
*_Amoeba_*
Protist: Protozoa
58
Parts of a bacteriophage:
A: head
B: Sheath
C: Tail
59
Describe aseptate hyphae
* Hyphae that have no cross walls
* Thus the cells share cytoplasm and have multiple nuclei
* E.g. in *_Rhizopus sp._*
