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Gd 11 LS 2020 > Animal Diversity > Flashcards

Animal Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Types of symmetry

A
  • Asymmetry (none)
  • Radial (can be cut in more than one plane)
  • Bilateral (can be cut in only one, vertical plane)
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2
Q

Embryonic tissue layers

A
  • Diploblastic (two layers)
  • Triploblastic (three layers)
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3
Q

Organisms without a coelom

A

acoelomate

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4
Q

Organisms in which the coelom develops in the middle of the mesoderm

A

coelomate

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5
Q

Organisms in which the coelom develops between the mesoderm and endoderm

A

pseudocoelomate

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6
Q

internal fluid-filled cavity

A

coelom

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7
Q

outer layer of embryonic tissue

A

ectoderm

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8
Q

innermost layer of embryonic tissue

A

endoderm

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9
Q

middle layer of embryonic tissue

A

mesoderm

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10
Q

Organs/ tissues that develop from the endoderm

A

epithelial layer of the digestive tract

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11
Q

Organs/ tissues that develop from the mesoderm

A
  • internal organs of the blood system
  • muscular system
  • reproductive system
  • skeleton
  • connective tissue
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12
Q

Organs/ tissues that develop from the ectoderm

A
  • outer protective layer
  • nervous system
  • sense organs
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13
Q

the development at the anterior end of a concentration of nerve cells

A

cephalisation

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14
Q

advantage of being bilaterally symmetrical

A
  • cephalisation
  • central nervous system for locomotion
  • locomotion in one direction
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15
Q

disadvantage of being radially symmetrical

A

locomotion is slow and inefficient

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16
Q

advantages of a coelom

A
  • separates digestive tract from body wall (each functions independently of the other)
  • can act as a hydrostatic skeleton
  • allows space for specialised organs to develop (so organisms are more complex)
  • coelomic fluid is a transport medium (gases, nutrients, wastes)
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17
Q

disadvantage of a coelom/ being triploblastic

A
  • need for transport system to develop
  • to ensure all cells receive the nutrients water they need
  • that wastes are removed
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18
Q

process of moving food through the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

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19
Q

simplest animal phylum

A

Porifera

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20
Q

Number of tissue layers in Porifera

A

None - cellular level of organisation (colonies of independent cells arranged in layers but not attached to each other)

made from:

  • collar cells
  • amoeboid cells
  • spicules
  • jelly-like layer.
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21
Q

osculum

A

large opening in a sponge through which water leaves the sponge

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22
Q

spongocoel

A

large cavity inside a sponge through which water is circulated

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23
Q

Animalia group without a vertebral column

A

invertebrates

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24
Q

A schematic representation used to indicate the evolutionary relationships between different taxa

A

A phylogeny or a phylogenetic tree

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25
Q

The process through which dead plant and animal material are broken down to simple nutrients

A

Decomposition

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26
Q

Role of invertebrates in agriculture and ecosystems

A
  • Pollinators
  • decomposers
  • soil aeration
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27
Q

Invertebrate role as pollinators

A
  • Many pollinators are insects
  • Able to fly distances transporting pollen
  • Essential for fertilisation of plants
  • Ensures seeds and fruit form
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28
Q

Invertebrate role in decomposition

A
  • e.g. beetles, flies, insect larvae and worms
  • rotting food digested together with soil
  • Faeces rich in nutrients and microbes
  • Makes soil more fertile
  • Invertebrates draw dead organic material underground, improving soil fertility
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29
Q

Invertebrate role in soil aeration

A
  • E.g. earthworms, ants and termites
  • Dig underground tunnels
  • Loosen soil and trap air between particles
  • Improves water infiltration
  • Easier for plant roots to penetrate the soil
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30
Q

Cambrian explosion

A
  • many animal phyla appeared 545mya
  • This radiation of taxa occured in a short space of time (5-10 million years)
  • complex, multicellular organisms evolved
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31
Q

What ancestor did the modern animal phyla evolve from?

A

An aquatic unicelular (possibly collonial) protist

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32
Q

Chordate way of life

A
  • Found everywhere
  • terrestrial and aquatic
  • free living
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33
Q

Chordate symmetry and cephalisation

A
  • bilateral symmetry
  • cephalisation present
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34
Q

Chordata tissue layers

A
  • Triploblastic
  • Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
  • Coelomate
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35
Q

Chordata blood system

A

Closed blood system

36
Q

Chordata gut

A

Through gut present

37
Q

Arthropoda way of life

A
  • Occur everywhere
  • Aquatic, terrestrial and underground
  • free living
38
Q

Arthropoda symmetry and cephalisation

A
  • Bilaterally symmetrical
  • Cephalization present
39
Q

Arthropoda tissue layers

A
  • Triploblastic
  • coelomate
40
Q

Arthropoda blood system

A

Open blood system

41
Q

Arthropoda gut

A
  • Through gut present
42
Q

Annelida way of life

A
  • Aquatic
  • terrestrial (moist environments)
  • free living
43
Q

Annelida tissue layers

A
  • Triploblastic
  • Pseudocoelomate
44
Q

Annelida blood system

A
  • Closed blood system
45
Q

Annelida symmetry and cephalisation

A
  • Bilaterally symmetrical
  • cephalisation present
46
Q

Annelida gut

A
  • Through gut present
47
Q

Platyhelminthes way of life

A
  • Aquatic
  • Free living or parasitic
48
Q

Platyhelminthes symmetry and cephalisation

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • cephalisation
49
Q

Platyhelminthes tissue layers

A
  • Triploblastic
  • Acoelomate (no coelom)
50
Q

Platyhelminthes blood system

A

No blood system

51
Q

Platyhelminthes gut

A
  • No through gut
  • Only one opening
52
Q

Cnidaria way of life

A
  • Aquatic
  • Sessile (polyp)
  • Free-living (medusa)
53
Q

Cnidaria symmetry and cephalisation

A
  • Radially symmetrical
  • No cephalisation
54
Q

Cnidaria tissue layers

A
  • Diploblastic
  • Acoelomate (no coelom)
55
Q

Cnidaria blood system

A

No blood system

56
Q

Cnidaria gut

A
  • No through gut
  • Only one opening
57
Q

Porifera way of life

A
  • Aquatic
  • Sessile
  • Filter feeders
58
Q

Porifera symmetry and cephalisation

A
  • Asymmetrical
  • No cephalisation
59
Q

Porifera tissue layers

A
  • No true tissues
  • Cellular level of organisation
60
Q

Porifera blood system

A
  • No blood system
61
Q

Porifera gut

A
  • No gut
  • Spongocoel cavity
62
Q

Collar cell in porifera

A
  • Specialised cell in sponges
  • structured for filter feeding
  • Flagellum causes water current to trap food in a net like collar
63
Q

Cnidaria nematoblasts

A
  • Stinging cells
  • Found on tentacles
  • Cells attach, paralyse and hold onto prey
64
Q

Two body formss of Cnidaria

A
  • Polyp
  • Medusa
65
Q

Common name for Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms

66
Q

Example Annelida

A
  • Earthworm
  • Leech
  • Sea worm
67
Q

Type of skeletons found in Animalia

A

Hydrostatic skeleton: Annelida

Excoskeleton: Arthropoda

Endoskeleton: Chordata

68
Q

Classes of Arthropoda

A
  • Spiders
  • Millipede
  • Centipede
  • Crustaceans
  • Insects
69
Q

Classes of vertebrata

A
  • Mammals
  • Fish
  • Birds
  • Reptiles
  • Amphibians
70
Q

Specialised organs for gas exchange in insects vs fish vs birds birds

A

tracheae - insects

gills - fish

lungs - birds

71
Q

/the polysaccharide found in Arthropoda exoskeletons

A

Chitin

72
Q

Nematoda

A
  • Roundworms
  • Eg. parasitic roundworms in an infected persons intestines
73
Q

Mollusca

A
  • Snails
  • Oysters
  • mussels
  • Octopi
74
Q

Echinodermata

A
  • Starfish
  • Sea urchins
75
Q

Biological terms for topside, underside, front and back of bilaterally symmetrical animals

A

Dorsal (top)

Ventral (under)

Anterior (front)

posterior (back)

76
Q

Sessile

A

Attached to a substrate and sedentary

77
Q

Tissue layers in this embryo?

A
  • Diploblastic
  • Ectoderm (outer layer)
  • Endoderm (inner layer)
78
Q

Tissue layers represented in this diagram?

A

Triploblastic

Ectoderm (outer layer)

Mesoderm (middle layer)

Endoderm (inner layer)

79
Q

Type of cavity represented in this diagram and why?

A
  • Pseudocoloem
  • Cavity between mesoderm and endoderm and not within the mesoderm
80
Q

Specialised feeding cell called? In what phylum?

A
  • Nematocysts
  • Cnidaria
81
Q

Common name and phylum?

A
  • Earthworm
  • Annelida
82
Q

Common name and phylum?

A
  • Leech
  • Annelida
83
Q

Common name, class and phyllum?

A

Elephant

Mammal

Chordata

84
Q

Common name, class and phyllum?

A

Frog

Amphibian

Chordata

85
Q

Class and phylum?

A

Millipede

Arthropoda

Gd 11 LS 2020 (15 decks)

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