Immunity and vaccination

Question 1

First developed vaccine (person and year)

Answer 1

• Edward Jenner
• 1796

Question 2

First developed vaccine (disease targeted)

Answer 2

smallpox

Question 3

Disease related to smallpox used to create the first vaccine

Answer 3

Cowpox

Question 4

Examples of diseases commonly a problem prior to vaccination for them

Answer 4

• smallpox
• polio
• chickenpox
• measles
• mumps
• influenza

Question 5

Levels of bodies defence

Answer 5

• barriers e.g. skin
• defense reactions
• inflammation; white blood cells engulf microbes
• immunity - antibodies that target specific infections

Question 6

The ability for a single white blood cell to take up other cells, germs and particles by engulfing them

Answer 6

phagocytosis

Question 7

B-lymphocyte function

Answer 7

• Makes antibodies
• Antibodies destroy invading organisms and infected cells

Question 8

T-lymphocyte function

Answer 8

• Destroys viruses
• Destroys cancer cells

Question 9

Blood cell not involved in immunity

Answer 9

• Red blood cell
• These carry oxygen (and carbon dioxide)

Question 10

Immunity obtained without immunisation

Answer 10

Naturally acquired immunity

Question 11

Passive naturally aquired immunity

Answer 11

Naturally acquired immunity due to antibodies transferred from mother to foetus and through suckling

Question 12

Active naturally aquired immunity

Answer 12

Immunity acquired through direct contact with pathogens so the immune system produces necessary antibodies

Question 13

The type of immunity that only develops through deliberate actions such as immunisation

Answer 13

Artificially aquired immunity

Question 14

Passive artificially aquired immunity

Answer 14

The body is injected with antibodies which provide immidiate protection against a specific antigen.

Question 15

Active artificially acquired immunity

Answer 15

The body is vaccinated with dead or weakened forms of the pathogen to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.