Micro3

Question 1

Obligate Aerobes.

Answer 1

Use an O2-dependent system to generate ATP

Examples: “Nagging Pests Must Breathe”

• Nocardia
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Bacillus

Question 2

Obligate Anaerobe characteristics.

Answer 2

• Lack Catalase and/or Superoxide dismutase
  
  • susceptible to oxidative damage
• Foul smelling (short-chain fatty acids)
• Produce gas in tissue (CO2 & H2)

Question 3

Obligate Anaerobe examples.

Answer 3

“Anaerobes - Can’t Breathe Air”

Clostridium
Bacteroides
Actinomyces

Question 4

Obligate Intracellular bugs.

Answer 4

Can’t make own ATP
Ex.
-Rickettsia
-Chlamydia

“Obligate intracellular bugs stay inside when its Really Cold”

Question 5

Facultative Intracellular bugs. (8)

Answer 5

“Some Nasty Bgs May Live FacultativeLY”

Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia pestis

Question 6

Encapsulated bacteria characteristics.

Answer 6

Positive quellung reaction
-capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added

Capsules serve as an antiphagocytic virulence factor

Capsule + Protein conjugate serve as an antigen in vaccines

Question 7

Encapsulated bacteria examples.

Answer 7

“SHiNE SKiS”

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae type B
N. meningitidis
E. coli
Salmonella
K. pneumoniae (Klebsiella)
Strep group B (S. agalactacia)

Question 8

Why are people without a Spleen at risk for Encapsulated Bacterial infections?

Answer 8

Opsonized, and then cleared by Spleen
-Asplenics have decreased opsonizing ability

Give these vaccines:

• S. pneumoniae
• H. influenzae
• N.meningitidis

Question 9

Catalase-Positive organism characterisitics.

Answer 9

Catalase degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to microbicidal products by the enzyme Myeloperoxidase

Question 10

Catalase-Positive organisms.

Answer 10

Pseudomonas 
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E. coli
S. aureus
Serratia

“you need PLACESS for your CATs”

Question 11

Urease-Positive bugs

Answer 11

Cryptococcus 
H. pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus

“CHuck Norris hates PUNKSS”

Question 12

Pigment-producing bacteria.

Answer 12

• Actinomyces israelii
  
  • Yellow “sulfur” granules
• S. aureus
  
  • Yellow pigment
• Psuedomonas aeruginosa
  
  • Blue-Green pigment
• Serratia marcescens
  
  • Red pigment

Question 13

What are the Bacterial virulence factors?

Answer 13

Things that promote EVASION of host

• Protein A
• IgA protease
• M protein

Question 14

Protein A function.

Answer 14

• Binds Fc region of Ig

- Prevents Opsonization & Phagocytosis

Question 15

What bacteria express Protein A?

Answer 15

S. aureus

Question 16

IgA protease function.

Answer 16

Enzyme that cleaves IgA

-Allows Colonization of Respiratory Mucosa

Question 17

What bacteria secrete IgA protease?

Answer 17

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae type B
Neisseria

“SHiN”

Question 18

M protein function.

-expressed by what bacteria?

Answer 18

Helps prevent Phagocytosis

group A streptococci