Micro3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Obligate Aerobes.

A

Use an O2-dependent system to generate ATP

Examples: “Nagging Pests Must Breathe”

  • Nocardia
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Bacillus
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2
Q

Obligate Anaerobe characteristics.

A
  • Lack Catalase and/or Superoxide dismutase
    • susceptible to oxidative damage
  • Foul smelling (short-chain fatty acids)
  • Produce gas in tissue (CO2 & H2)
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3
Q

Obligate Anaerobe examples.

A

“Anaerobes - Can’t Breathe Air”

Clostridium
Bacteroides
Actinomyces

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4
Q

Obligate Intracellular bugs.

A

Can’t make own ATP
Ex.
-Rickettsia
-Chlamydia

“Obligate intracellular bugs stay inside when its Really Cold”

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5
Q

Facultative Intracellular bugs. (8)

A

“Some Nasty Bgs May Live FacultativeLY”

Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia pestis
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6
Q

Encapsulated bacteria characteristics.

A

Positive quellung reaction
-capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added

Capsules serve as an antiphagocytic virulence factor

Capsule + Protein conjugate serve as an antigen in vaccines

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7
Q

Encapsulated bacteria examples.

A

“SHiNE SKiS”

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae type B
N. meningitidis
E. coli
Salmonella
K. pneumoniae (Klebsiella)
Strep group B (S. agalactacia)
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8
Q

Why are people without a Spleen at risk for Encapsulated Bacterial infections?

A

Opsonized, and then cleared by Spleen
-Asplenics have decreased opsonizing ability

Give these vaccines:

  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • N.meningitidis
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9
Q

Catalase-Positive organism characterisitics.

A

Catalase degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to microbicidal products by the enzyme Myeloperoxidase

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10
Q

Catalase-Positive organisms.

A
Pseudomonas 
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E. coli
S. aureus
Serratia

“you need PLACESS for your CATs”

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11
Q

Urease-Positive bugs

A
Cryptococcus 
H. pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus

“CHuck Norris hates PUNKSS”

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12
Q

Pigment-producing bacteria.

A
  • Actinomyces israelii
    • Yellow “sulfur” granules
  • S. aureus
    • Yellow pigment
  • Psuedomonas aeruginosa
    • Blue-Green pigment
  • Serratia marcescens
    • Red pigment
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13
Q

What are the Bacterial virulence factors?

A

Things that promote EVASION of host

  • Protein A
  • IgA protease
  • M protein
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14
Q

Protein A function.

A
  • Binds Fc region of Ig

- Prevents Opsonization & Phagocytosis

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15
Q

What bacteria express Protein A?

A

S. aureus

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16
Q

IgA protease function.

A

Enzyme that cleaves IgA

-Allows Colonization of Respiratory Mucosa

17
Q

What bacteria secrete IgA protease?

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae type B
Neisseria

“SHiN”

18
Q

M protein function.

-expressed by what bacteria?

A

Helps prevent Phagocytosis

group A streptococci