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General Microbiology > micro test 2 > Flashcards

micro test 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

short, filamentous protein structures

A

pili and fimbriae

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2
Q

Paracrystalline surface layers (S-layers) — in archaea

A

can substitute for cell wall

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3
Q

are pili or fimbriae longer

A

pili

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4
Q

– are notable virulence factors

A

capsules

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5
Q

two dimensional lattice of proteins

A

S later

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6
Q

is the S layer a permeability layer

A

no

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7
Q

cell inclusions are

A

intracellular storage

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8
Q

poly beta hydroxyalkanoate inclusions store — and appear in —- environments

A

lipids, nutrient rich

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9
Q

sulfur can be stored as a granule in the periplasm because it is an — inclusion

A

inorganic

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10
Q

magnetotactic bacteria

A

orient towards magnetic fields

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11
Q

gas vesicles are used by cells to —

A

remain buoyant in water

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12
Q

GvpA is mostly in

A

beta sheets

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13
Q

metabolically dormant cells

A

endospores

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14
Q

in endospores, — is condensed and there is – free water

A

DNA, little

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15
Q

outer layer of endospore

A

spore coat

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16
Q

fitting into the majot/minor groove of DNA

A

intercalating

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17
Q

— bind tightly to DNA, converting it to A form

A

SASP

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18
Q

flagella that are around the entire outside of a cell

A

petritrichous

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19
Q

flagella that form a tuft on the outside fo the cell

A

lopotrichous

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20
Q

flagella that form in 1 or 2 spots and in opposite directions

A

polar

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21
Q

energy to drive rotation of the flagellum is derived from the —

A

proton motive force

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22
Q

what protein do H+ use to enter the cell and drive flagella spin

A

Mot protein

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23
Q

reversible flagella can spin in — direction(s)

A

two

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24
Q

unidirectional flagella change direction by

A

tumbling

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25
Q

protein subunits that make the flagellar shaft

A

flagellin

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26
Q

movement along a solid surface without flagella

A

gliding motility

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27
Q

movement towards or away from an attractant or repellant

A

chemotaxis

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28
Q

movement in response to a light source

A

phototaxis

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29
Q

movement to a place surrounding the light

A

scotophototaxis

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

cells with a periplasm are gram

A

negative

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32
Q

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and iron are

A

macronutrients

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33
Q

most abundant atom in cells

A

carbon

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34
Q

siderophores bind to – outside of the cell

A

iron

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35
Q

insoluble Fe3+ needs to be — to a soluble ferrous form when brought into the cell

A

reduced

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36
Q

aquachelin bind to — outside of the cell

A

iron

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37
Q

— media means that only one type of cell can grow

A

selective

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38
Q

— media means that different things can grow, but you can tell the difference between the cells

A

differential

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39
Q

— media means that you know exactly the concentrations of everything in the media

A

defined

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40
Q

— the energy released from a reaction that can be used to do work

A

free energy

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41
Q

— reactions have negative change in free energy between the reactants and the products of a reaction

A

exergonic

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42
Q

— reactions have positive change in free energy between the reactants and the products of a reaction

A

endergonic

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43
Q

exergonic reactions — energy

A

release

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44
Q

endergonic reactions — energy

A

require

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45
Q

catabolic reactions are usually —

A

exergonic

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46
Q

— is the breakdown of something into smaller things for the cell to use

A

catabolism

47
Q

— are catalytic proteins

A

enzymes

48
Q

what enzyme breaks bonds in a fructose substrate and can be reused

A

aldolase

49
Q

the site on the enzyme that affects catalysis

A

active site

50
Q

non-peptide enzyme associated molecule that is tightly bound as part of the enzyme complex

A

prosthetic group

51
Q

non-peptide enzyme associated molecule that is loosely bound to the enzyme complex, and may associate with several different enzymes. most are derived from vitamins

A

coenzyme

52
Q

the — substance is the electron donor

A

oxidized

53
Q

the — substance is the electron acceptor

A

reduced

54
Q

NAD+/NADH are —

A

coenzymes

55
Q

phosphophoenalpyruvate, glucose 6-phosphate, acetyl phosphate, and acetyl-CoA are all

A

energy storage

56
Q

poly-hydroxyalkanoates and glycogen are — energy storage in bacteria

A

long term

57
Q

— level phosphorylation is fermentative

A

substrate

58
Q

— level phosphorylation is respiratory

A

oxidative

59
Q

photo-phosphorylation is used in

A

phototrophs

60
Q

which form of atp synthesis requires cytoplasmic membrane participation

A

oxidative

61
Q

glucose is — to bring it into the cell

A

phosphorylated

62
Q

glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase uses NAD+ as a

A

coenzyme

63
Q

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate donates a high energy P to NAD+ to create 2 ATP, this is

A

substrate level phosphorylation

64
Q

NAD+ is — to form ATP and — to form byproducts

A

oxidized, reduced

65
Q

— respiration uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

A

aerobic

66
Q

— respiration uses a molecule other than oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

A

anaerobic

67
Q

protein or not: NADH dehydrogenase

A

protein

68
Q

protein or not: flavoproteins

A

protein

69
Q

protein or not: cytochromes

A

protein

70
Q

protein or not: quinones

A

not protein

71
Q

NADH dehydrogenases, flavoproteins, iron sulfur proteins, cytochromes, and quinones are all

A

electron transport carriers

72
Q

what electron transport carrier binds to NADH and is membrane bound to the cytoplasm and donates 2e- and 2H+ to flavoproteins

A

NADH dehydrogenase

73
Q

what electron transport carrier is bound to riboflavin derivatives and accepts 2e- and 2H+ from NADH dehydrogenase

A

flavoproteins

74
Q

what electron transport carrier is a non-heme iron protein that contains Fe-S clustered by cysteines in protein and only carries electrons

A

iron sulfur proteins

75
Q

what electron transport carrier is heme prosthetic group with an iron center and a single electron transfer

A

cytochromes

76
Q

what electron transport carrier is hydrophobic, found in the membrane, accepts 2e- and 2H+, donates 2e-

A

quinones

77
Q

ATP synthase has — headpieces

A

3

78
Q

what is in each of the headpieces of atp synthase

A

nothing, adp and pi, atp

79
Q

inhibitors of atp synthesis block

A

electron transport

80
Q

— allow protons to pass across the membrane by making them “leaky”

A

uncouplers

81
Q

what structure of the cell converts the proton motive force into atp

A

atp synthase

82
Q

how many atp per glucose in glycolysis and CAC

A

38

83
Q

what part of the CAC is a precursor for amino acids

A

oxaloacetate

84
Q

what part of the CAC is a precursor for phosphoenol pyruvate

A

oxaloacetate

85
Q

what part of the CAC is used in fatty acid biosynthesis

A

acetyl-coa

86
Q

what part of the CAC is used in porphyrin ring synthesis

A

succinyl-coa

87
Q

chemolithotrophy uses something that is not organic instead of —

A

glucose

88
Q

phototrophy uses water molecules that are raised in energy using — to donate electrons to an ETC

A

light

89
Q

what is the carbon source for autotrophic organisms

A

CO2

90
Q

how are photoautotrophs different from photoheterotrophs

A

where the carbon is coming from

91
Q

which electron carrier is not composed of the same macromolecule as the others

A

quinones

92
Q

— reactions are the consumption of energy, have a positive change in free energy, and are used to build molecules

A

anabolic

93
Q

do cells that don’t get glucose in their environment need it

A

yes

94
Q

what molecule does ribonucleotide reductase form

A

DNA

95
Q

— supplies glucose to growing polymers

A

ADPG

96
Q

purines are made from —

A

inosine

97
Q

pyrimidines are made from —

A

orotate

98
Q

— holds elongating fatty acids (biosynthesis)

A

acyl carrier protein

99
Q

what form of nitrogen is commonly used to form the amino group of amino acids

A

ammonia, NH3

100
Q

purines

A

adenine, guanine

101
Q

pyrimidines

A

thymine, uracil, cytosine

102
Q

the doubling of a population is called a

A

generation

103
Q

the — is a ring of FtsZ which recruits other things involved in cell divison

A

divisiome

104
Q

— precedes FtsZ ring formation

A

DNA replication

105
Q

— proteins localize the septum formation

A

Min

106
Q

A, C, U, T: which might use inosine as an intermediate

A

adenine

107
Q

calcium-dipicolinic acid reduces

A

water availability

108
Q

what does Gvp stand for

A

gas vesicle protein

109
Q

— media: you know what is in the media but not the exact concentrations

A

complex

110
Q

NAD+, NADP+, and FAD are all — during the CAC

A

oxidized

111
Q

what form is carbon released in during the CAC

A

CO2

112
Q

counter clockwise flagella rotation causes

A

runs

113
Q

clockwise flagella rotation causes

A

tumbles

General Microbiology (4 decks)

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