Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Rapid Fire Facts > Micro rapid facts > Flashcards

Micro rapid facts Flashcards

1
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A

“Even Some Pretty Nasty Killers Have Shiny Bodies”

E. Coli
Strep Pneumo**
Pseudomonas 
Neisseria meningitidis**
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Haemophillus influenza B**
Salmonella Typhi
Group B Strep

Cryptococcus (fungus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 bacteria that can undergo transformation

A

S. Pneumoniae
H. Influenza B
N. Meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

5 bacterial toxins encoded in a lysogenic phage

A 
Shiga like toxin
Botulinum Toxin
Cholera toxin
Diptheria toxin
Erythrogenic toxin of Strep pyogenes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bugs that do not gram stain well

A

Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Treponema (thin corkscrew shape)
Legionella pneumophilla (unusual branched chain fatty acids in cell wall)
Rickettsia
Chlamydia (lack peptidoglycan / muramic acid instead)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What bugs can be stained by giemsa stain

A 
Chlamydia
Borrelia 
Ricketsia
Trypanosomes
Plasmodium
Histoplasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PAS stain bugs (glycogen / mucopolysaccharides)

A

Tropheryma whipplei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen (Carbol Fuschin) bugs

A

Acid fast bacteria

Nocardia
Mycobacteria

Protozoa

Cryptosporridium oocysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

India ink bugs

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Silver stain bugs

A

Fungi –> Pneumocystis
Legionella
Helicobacter pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urease positive organisms

A 
Cryptococcus
H. Pylori
Proteus Mirabilis
Ureaplasma
Nocardia 
Klebsiella
S. epidermidis
S. Saprophyticus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Catalase positive organisms

A

“cats Need PLACESS to hide”

Nocardia
Pseduomonas 
Listeria 
Aspergillus
Candida
E. Coli
Staphylococci
Serratia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pigment producing bacteria

A

Actinomyces Israelii –> yellow sulfur granules
Pseudomonas –> blue green
S. Aureus –> golden colonies
Serratia marcescens –> red pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which organisms use IgA protease as a virulence factor?

A

“SHiN”

Strep Pneumo
Haemophillus influenzae B
Neisseria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which organisms use a Type III secretion system?

A

Certain gram negative bacteria

Pseudomonas
Salmonella
Shigella
E. Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What toxin does pseudomonas produce and whats it action?

A

Exotoxin A

Inactivate EF2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What toxin does Shigella produce and whats its action?

A

Shiga toxin

Inhibits 60s ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What toxin does EHEC produce and whats its action?

A

Shiga like toxin

Inhibits 60s ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which bacteria and their toxins increase cAMP?

A

ETEC - heat labile toxin
Bacillus anthracis toxin
Vibrio Cholera - cholera toxin
Bordatella pertussis - pertussis toxin (Inhibits Gi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 main actions of LPS endotoxin?

A

Activates Macrophages –> IL-1 / TNF / NO release (fever, cell death, hypotension)

Activates complement –> C3a (histamine release) and C5a (neutrophil chemotaxis)

Activates tissue factor –> activates coagulation cascade leading to DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 bugs causing newborn sepsis and meningitis.

A

Group B strep
E. Coli
Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common bug causing osteomyelitis

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gram negative diplococi (oxidase +) in COPD/smoker

A

Morexella Catarhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bugs that can cause rash on palms and soles

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2ndary syphillis
Coxsackie A virus
Kawasaki disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bugs that cause a false VDRL

A

Viral infections (mono, hepatitis)
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Lupus / Leprosy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cat scratch disease and symptoms

A

Bartonella species

Lymphadenopathy at site
Bacillary angiomatosis (confused for kaposi sarcoma in HIV patients)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Symptoms of Borrelia recurrentis and method of tranmission

A

Relapsing fever (due to surface antigenic variation)

Louse transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Brucella species symptoms and mode of tranmission

A

Undulating fever

Unpasteurized dairy / bodily fluids of infected animals (cow, sheep, goat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Campylobacter tranmission

A

puppies
livestock
undercooked meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Chlamydophilla Psittaci symptoms and mode of transmission

A

Psittacosis –> fever / dry cough

Aerosol - Parrots and other birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Coxiella burnetii symptoms and mode of transmission

A

Q fever –> fever goes on for several weeks

Aerosol - cattle/sheep amniotic fluid or coats of newborn animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis symptoms and mode of transmission

A

Ehrlichiosis - headache, muscle ache, fatigue

Monocytes with morulae in cytoplasm

Ambylomma (Lone star tick)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Francisella tularensis symptoms and mode of transmission

A

rabbits, ticks, deer fly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

3 causes of atypical pneumonia

A

Chlamidophilla pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophillae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

34
Q

What mechanism does S. Sanguinis cause subacute endocarditis?

A

dextrans are made - bind to fibrin-platelet aggregates on damaged heart valves

35
Q

What type of agar is needed to culture Corynebacterium Diphtheriae?

A

Cysteine tellurite agar

36
Q

What are the symptoms of corynebacteria?

A

Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy (bullfrog neck)
Myocarditis
Arrhythmias

37
Q

What are the spore producing bacteria?

A

Clostridia
Anthracis
Coxiella Burnetii

38
Q

Risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes infection

A

Ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products
infected deli meats
Transplacental transmission

39
Q

What is a virulence factor for Mycobacteria?

A

Cord factor –> inhibits macrophage maturation and induces release of TNF-a

Sulfatides –> inhibits phagolysosomal fusion

40
Q

Which organism causes disseminated TB like pulmonary syndrome in HIV patients? What do we do for them?

A

Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare (MAC)

Phrophylaxis with azithromycin when CD count

41
Q

Side effect of Dapsone

A

Hemolysis in those with G6PD deficiency

42
Q

Lactose fermenting enteric bacteria

A

macConKEE’S agar

C = Citrobacter (slow)
K = Klebsiella (fast)
E = E.Coli (fast)
E = Enterobacter (fast)
S = Serratia (slow)
43
Q

Why do we not have a vaccine for neisseria gonnococcus?

A

antigenic variation of pillus

44
Q

What is waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?

A

Adrenal hemorrhage due to overwhelming infection with neisseria Meningococci

45
Q

Why do we still get otitis media and sinusitis infections with H. Influenzae even if we have a vaccine?

A

Non-typable strains cannot be vaccinated against but cause these illnesses.

46
Q

What on X-ray can we see in epiglottitis?

A

thumb sign

47
Q

What organism causes painful chancre on the gential?

A

Haemophillus ducreyi

48
Q

What lab test can we use to detect legionella infection?

A

urine antigen test

49
Q

What is Ecthyma gangrenosum and where do you see it?

A

Rapidly progressive, necrotic cutaneous lesion

caused by Pseudomonas in immunocompromised patients

50
Q

What is pseudomonas infection associated with?

A

CF
Burn patients
Hot tubs (folliculitis)

51
Q

What kidney pathology can Proteus mirabilis / vulgaris cause?

A

Staghorn calculi due to alkalinization of urine.

52
Q

Pasturella multocida symptoms and mode of transmission

A

Cellulitis / osteomyelitis

Animal bite (cat or dog)

53
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki symptoms and mode of transmission

A

Triad: headache, fever, rash (Epidemic typhus)

Louse

54
Q

Rickettsia Rickettsii symptoms and mode of transmission

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever - headache, fever, rash (palms and soles)

Dermacentor (Dog tick)

55
Q

Rickettsia Typhi symptoms and mode of transmission

A

Endemic Typhus (murine typhus) - headache, fever, rash

Fleas

56
Q

What test can you use to help diagnose gardnerella vaginallis

A

Amine whiff test - mix secretion with 10% KOH and it will enhance odor

57
Q

What type of histology is present in a smear of gardnerella vaginallis?

A

Clue cells - epithelial cells covered in Gardnerella bacteria (Stippled appearance)

58
Q

Anaplasma spp. symptoms and mode of transmission

A

Granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm

Ixodes tick

59
Q

What are the risk factors for Q fever?

A

Coxiella Burnetii

Spores inhaled as aerosole while giving birth to a farm animal or drinking unpasteurized milk.

Presents as pneumonia with long lasting fever (weeks).

Can cause culture negative endocarditis (most common cause of this type)

60
Q

What is special about the Chalmydia cell wall?

A

Lacks peptidoglycan - reduced amount of muramic acid

Cannot use B-lactams

61
Q

Which serotypes of Chlamydia cause Trachoma?

A

Types A-C –> leading cause of blindness worldwide

62
Q

What serotypes of Chlamydia cause STD? What are some manifestations?

A

Types D-K

Urethritis / PID
Ectopic pregnancy
Neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough) with eosinophillia
Neonatal conjunctivitis (must use macrolide PO)

63
Q

What serotypes of Chlamydia cause Lymphogranuloma Venerum and what are the symptoms?

A

Types L1-L3

Painless ulcers on genitals that progresses to swollen painful lymph nodes that ulcerate (BUBOES)

64
Q

What type of agar can Mycoplasma pneumoniae be grown on?

A

Eaton agar

65
Q

What type of agar can Mycobacterium be grown on?

A

Lowenstein Jensen Agar

66
Q

What is special about the mycoplasma cell wall and cell membrane

A

No cell wall

cell membrane has sterols for stability

67
Q

What is the mechanism of rifampin/rifabutin?

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase

68
Q

Side effects of rifampin/rifabutin

A

Hepatotoxicity
CYP450 inducer
Makes body fluids orange/red

69
Q

Mechanism of resistance for rifampin/rifabutin

A

Reduced drug binding to RNA polymerase

70
Q

Mechanism of isoniazid

A

Decreases synthesis of mycolic acids

Pro-drug –> must be converted to active metabolite by Bacterial Catalase peroxidase (KatG)

71
Q

Toxicity of isoniazid

A 
Hepatotoxicity
Neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy) --> counter by co-administering vit B6 (pyridoxine)
72
Q

Mechanism of resistance for isoniazid

A

Underexpression of KatG by bacteria

73
Q

Pyrazinamide toxicities

A

Hepatotoxicity

Hyperuricemia

74
Q

Ethambutol mech of action

A

Decreased carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall –> Blocks Arabinosyltransferase

75
Q

Ethambutol toxicities

A

Optic neuropathy –> red-green color blindness

76
Q

What virulence factor allows for E. Coli to cause newborn meningitis?

A

K1 capsular antigen - prevents phagocytosis and complement mediated lysis

77
Q

Organisms that causes pulmonary Tb like symptoms in COPD patients

A

M. Kansasii

78
Q

Organisms that causes cervical lymphadenitis in children

A

M. Scrofulaceum

79
Q

Organisms that causes a disseminated disease in AIDS patients

A

M. Avium intracellulare

80
Q

Organisms that causes hand infection in aquarium

A

M. Marinum

81
Q

4 obligate aerobic bacteria

A

Nocardia
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Pseudomonas
Bacillus

Rapid Fire Facts (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions