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CMOD Week 1 > Micro Lab 1 > Flashcards

Micro Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The total complement of normal flora at a particular body site is known as?

A

the microbiome

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2
Q

What parts of the body contain large amounts of bacteria?

A

the skin, nose, mouth, vagina, oropharynx, colon, anterior parts of the urethra

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3
Q

What is an iatrogenic infection?

A

an infection that is the result of a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure taken on a patient

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4
Q

The normal oropharynx (throat/mouth) contains what kind of bacteria?

A 
viridans streptococci (the majority)
Neisseria species
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Corynebacterium species
anaerobic species
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5
Q

Viridans streptococci are all what kind of hemolytic?

A

alpha (green in BAP)

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6
Q

What bacteria causes strep throat?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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7
Q

What bacteria causes subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A

viridans Streptococcus

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8
Q

What bacteria is the major causes of dental caries (decay of the teeth turning it black)?

A

Streptococcus mutans

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9
Q

What flora are normally found on the skin?

A

staphylococcus epidermis and other ‘coagulase-negative’ staphlyococcus. These are a major cause of HAI, particularly central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI).

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10
Q

What are diphtheroids?

A

gram positive pleomorphic bacilli. Found in the mouth

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11
Q

What kind of flora are found in the nose?

A

a variety of streptococcus, diphtheroids, and staphylococci including staphylococcus epidermis (~90% carriage) and staphylococcos aureus (~33% carriage)

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of surgical infections?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

What are the 5 most common pathogens associated with HAI?

A 
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (15.3%)
Staphylococcus aureus (14.5%)
Enterococcus species (12.1%)
Candida species (10.7%)
E. coli (9.6%)
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14
Q

The acid fast stain (as opposed to the common gram stain) is used to identify what kind of bacteria?

A

Mycobacteria

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15
Q

What is the basis of a gram stain?

A

the peptidoglycan of G+ cells is much thicker than that of G cells. A heat fixed smear of bacteria is stained with the dye crystal violet, followed by Gram’s iodine. The dye iodine complex is removed from g cells by alcohol, but is removed much slower from G+ cells

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16
Q

Is Eosin Methylene Blue (EMP) Agar selective, differential, both, or neither?

A

both

17
Q

What is EMP Agar selective for? Why?

A

gram negative enteric bacilli because it contains dyes that inhibit the growth of gram + bacteria. Useful for detection and isolation of gram negative intestinal bacteria

18
Q

What is EMP Agar differential for? Why?

A

on the basis of lactose; lactose fermenters forma purple or black colony, or one with a dark center and transparent, colorless periphery.

Differentiates between:

  1. Proteus species- lactose negative (appear uncolored, i.e same purple color as medium)
  2. E. coli- lactose positive (appear dark purple/black with a characteristic green sheen)
  3. Klebsiella- lactose positive- appear larger than E. coli, mucoid, and contain areas of brown/black
19
Q

Are mannitol salt Agar selective, differential, both, or neither?

A

both

20
Q

What is mannitol salt Agar selective for? Why?

A

staphylococci because its high salt content inhibits the growth of most other organisms

21
Q

What is mannitol salt Agar differential for? Why?

A

gram positive, catalase positive staphylococcus species

mannitol salt agar contains the pH indicator phenol red, which turns from red to yellow below pH 6.8. Acid produced by S. aureus causes the color change. S. epidermidis does not ferment mannitol (i.e. no color change occurs)

May need 36 hrs to be accurate

22
Q

Is Sodium chloride broth (6.5%) selective, differential, neither, or both?

A

selective

23
Q

Why is Sodium chloride selective?

A

because high salt content typically kills other organisms, but not enterococci species.

24
Q

What does the coagulase test differentiate between?

A

differentiates between staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcus species.

Coagulase positive= aureus
negative= other (usually S. epidermidis

25
Q

S. aureus has two forms of coagulase. What are they?

A

bound and free

26
Q

The bound S. aureus coagulase does what?

A

converts fibrinogen to fibrin, causing clumping

27
Q

The free S. aureus coagulase does what?

A

reacts with globulin plasma factor (coagulase-releasign factor) to from staphylothrombin, which converted fibrinogen to fiber, forming a clot

28
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Neisseria species bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-negative, diplococcus
29
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a E. coli species bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram- negative, bacillus

2. EMP plate- lactose positive (appear dark purple/black with a characteristic green sheen)

30
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Klebsiella pneumonia species bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram- negative, bacillus

2. EMP plate- lactose positive (appear larger than E. coli, mucoid, and contain areas of brown/black)

31
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Proteus species bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram- negative, bacillus

2. EMP plate- lactose negative- (appear uncolored, i.e same purple color as medium)

32
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-positive, irregular clusters
  2. catalase test- positive
  3. Mannitol Salt Agar- positive (color change to yellow)
33
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-positive, irregular clusters
  2. catalase test- positive
  3. Mannitol Salt Agar- negative (no color change of agar)
34
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-positive, chains and/or pairs
  2. catalase test- negative
  3. Hemolytic appearance- a-hemolytic (greenish)
  4. Taxo P (Optochin)- sensitive (no growth around)
35
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a viridans Streptococcus species bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-positive, chains and/or pairs
  2. catalase test- negative
  3. Hemolytic appearance- a-hemolytic (greenish)
  4. Taxo P (Optochin)- resistant (growth seen)
36
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Streptococcus species bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-positive, chains and/or pairs
  2. catalase test- negative
  3. Hemolytic appearance- non (gamma)-hemolytic
  4. NaCl Broth- sensitive (no growth)
37
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Enterococcus species bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-positive, chains and/or pairs
  2. catalase test- negative
  3. Hemolytic appearance- non (gamma)-hemolytic
  4. NaCl Broth- resistant (growth)
38
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a Streptococcus pyogenes species bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-positive, chains and/or pairs
  2. catalase test- negative
  3. Hemolytic appearance- beta-hemolytic
  4. Taxo A (Bacitracin)- sensitive (no growth)
39
Q

What tests would be needed to ID a beta hemolytic streptococci bacteria and what would the results of each test be?

A
  1. gram stain- gram-positive, chains and/or pairs
  2. catalase test- negative
  3. Hemolytic appearance- beta-hemolytic
  4. Taxo A (Bacitracin)- resistant (growth)

CMOD Week 1 (18 decks)

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