Intro to Biostats Flashcards
What is epidemiology?
the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in human populations
What is descriptive epidemiology?
activities related to characterizing patterns of disease occurrence
What is analytic epidemiology?
activities related to the identification of possible determinants of disease
What is morbidity?
state of illness produced by a disease or departure from health and well-being
What is mortality?
death, usually in reference to death to a particular disease
What is morbidity rate?
a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population over a specifiied period of time, often expressed per 100,000
What is age specific mortality rate?
a mortality rate for a specific age group, calculated as the number of deaths in a certain age group divided by the number of persons in that age group, usually expressed per 100,000
What is cause specific mortality rate?
a mortality rate from a specific cause, calculated as the number of deaths due to that cause during a specified time period in a specified population divided by the size of the population
What is age adjusted mortality rate?
a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the fact of different age distributions among different populations.
What is infant mortality rate?
a mortality rate for children age
What is case-fatality (rate or ratio)?
the proportion of persons with a particular condition who die from that condition.
What is prevalence?
the proportion of persons in a given population that has a particular disease at a point or interval of time
What is incidence?
refers to NEW cases of disease in a population over a period of time
What is incidence proportion or cumulative incidence?
the proportion of initially disease free population that develops disease over a specified time period, calculated as the number of new cases of disease during the time period divided by the number of persons at risk for disease at the start of the period
What is incidence rate?
a measure of the frequency with which new cases of disease occurs in a specified time frame, calculated as the number of new cases over a specified period divided by the average mid-period population or by cumulative person-time the population was at risk (person-years)
