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CMOD- Block1 > Micro: Gram - Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Micro: Gram - Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Gram negatives can be grouped based on shape into:

A

Gram - rods (majority of gram negs) and gram - cocci

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2
Q

Mostly, the gram - rods are found in these locations:

A

GI/GU tract and respiratory tract

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3
Q

List the two genus/species that are characteristic of gram - cocci.

A

Family Neisseriaciae

Moraxella catarrhalis

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4
Q

Gram - rods, a major component of normal GI flora can cause these two diseases in uncontrolled.

A

gastroenteritis & enterocolitis

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5
Q

Inflammatory diarrhea also called dysentery is characterized by having:

A

blood. WBCs/RBCs seen in stool

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6
Q

What part of the GI tract is commonly involved in inflammatory diarrhea?

A

Colon

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7
Q

What part of the GI tract is commonly involved in noninflammatory diarrhea?

A

small intestine

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8
Q

90% of gastroenteritis is caused by:

A

viruses

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9
Q

Name the two types of E. coli that cause gastroenteritis.

A

Enterohemmorhagic E. coli (EHEC)

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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10
Q

What subgroup of E. coli is implicated in hemorrhagic colitis caused by eating undercooked meats?

A

EHEC

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11
Q

EHEC’s disease of hemorrhagic colitis is _____-mediated.

A

Toxin mediated (inhibits protein synthesis)

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12
Q

This particular strain of EHEC can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome, a feared serious complication causing anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure.

A

EHEC 0157:H7

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13
Q

True or false: treating EHEC 0157:H7 with abx can precipitate hemolytic uremic syndrome, and is therefore contraindicated.

A

True.

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14
Q

People acquire ETEC by:

A

Ingesting contaminated food/water

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15
Q

ETEC’s disease is _______-mediated. (think about this one…)

A

Toxin-mediated! woooooooooooooooot

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16
Q

This is a major cause of “traveler’s diarrhea”.

A

ETEC

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17
Q

This pathogen causes 90% of UTIs. #1 cause

A

E. coli

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18
Q

Can people become bacterimic from their own normal flora of E. coli?

A

Hell yeah they can!

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19
Q

Which species of Salmonella is implicated in gastroenteritis caused by eating contaminated poultry and eggs and also from touching Watson and Crick and not washing your hands?

A

S. enteritidis

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20
Q

Which species of Salmonella is implicated in Typhoid fever?

A

S. enterica serotype Typhimurium

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21
Q

What is one of the most common causes of bloody diarrhea/dysentery?

A

Shigella sonnei (most common in US), dysenteriae (more common world-wide)

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22
Q

How does one, say, acquire Shigella infection?

A

Eating shit. Or touching shit that has touched shit and putting that shit covered shit in your mouth. Nasty ass kids.

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23
Q

What terrible disease associated with EHEC can Shigella also cause?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

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24
Q

What microscopic morphology is characteristic of Campylobacter sp?

A

this, spiral, or S-shaped gram - rods.

25
Q

What is the most common enteric bacterial infection in developed countries?

A

Campylobacter

26
Q

What disease characterizes Campylobacter?

A

Watery diarrhea that progresses to bloody

27
Q

The Vibrio genus of bacteria is characterized by what microscopic morphology?

A

curved rods

28
Q

Vibrio cholerae causes what disease?

A

Cholera; caused by fecal contamination from water

29
Q

Vibrio cholerae showes its ugly face under these conditions:

A

poor sanitation, malnutrition, natural disasters

30
Q

Vibrio cholerae is _____-mediated. (be careful on this one, it’s tricky)

A

Toxin-mediated. man, you’re catching on…

31
Q

Vibrio cholerae is characterized by disease presenting as:

A

Massive watery diarrhea “rice water stools”. Can lead to dehydration and death

32
Q

What is the treatment for Vibrio cholerae?

A

Oral rehydration salts

33
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is caused by:

A

ingesting raw/undercooked seafood/shellfish (esp. oysters)

34
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus’s disease is characterized by:

A

watery diarrhea. can also cause wound infections

35
Q

Vibrio vulnificus is cause by:

A

eating raw shellfish

36
Q

Vibrio vulnificus’s disease is characterized as.

A

Diarrhea/severe soft tissue infections. Can cause sepsis and death in those with underlying liver disease.

37
Q

List the 3 respiratory tract infection causing gram - rods and the two that are considered opportunistic pathogens

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Bordetella pertussis
Legionella pneumophila

Opportunistics:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae

38
Q

H. influenzae causes:

A 
Meningitis (less commonly now that there is a vaccine for it)
Otitis media and sinusitis
Epiglottitis
Pneumonia- elderly
COPD exacerbations
39
Q

Describe the micro morph of H. influenzae

A

Coccobacillus

40
Q

Describe the micro morph of Bordetella pertussis

A

Encapsulated coccobacillus

41
Q

B. pertussis causes this disease, surprise!

A

Pertussis- whooping cough

42
Q

T/F: there is a vaccine that prevents pertussis.

A

True.

43
Q

This bacterium causes an atypical pneumonia and can be transmitted through contaminated fountains, whirlpool baths, air conditioners, etc.

A

Legionella pneumophila

44
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is susceptible to most abx on the market, T/F.

A

False, it is multi-drug resistant

45
Q

P. aeruginosa causes these infections:

A

Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Sepsis
Skin infections in burn pts
UTIs, esp. hospital-acquired

46
Q

Where is P. aeruginosa found?

A

water, soil, GI tract

47
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae is found:

A

Water, soil, GI tract

48
Q

K. pneumoniae causes this disease:

A

Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

49
Q

T/F: resistance among strains of K. pneumoniae is uncommon.

A

False, resistance is common; some strains are resistant to most abx

50
Q

List the two sp. of Neisseria we need to know.

A

N. gonorrheae

N. meningitidis

51
Q

Describe the micro morph of Neisseria

A

Gram neg doplococci, “kissing kidney beans”

52
Q

N. meningitidis causes:

A

Meningitis.

53
Q

Is there a vaccine for N. meningitidis?

A

Yes, does not cover all serotypes.

54
Q

N. gonorrheae is an STI that causes:

A

Purulent urethritis or cervicitis. can also cause pharyngitis and proctitis

55
Q

Describe the micro morph of Moraxella catarrhalis.

A

Diplococcus

56
Q

Where is Moraxella catarrhalis found?

A

Part of normal throat flora

57
Q

What diseases does Moraxella catarrhalis cause?

A 
Sinusitis
Otitis media
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Acute COPD exacerbations
58
Q

____________ (genus/species) is associate with pneumonia and production of a currant jelly sputum in alcoholics and the malnourished.

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

CMOD- Block1 (36 decks)

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