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CMOD- Block1 > Micro: Gram + Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Micro: Gram + Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Gram + cocci we will discuss can be grouped into two genera:

A

Staphylococci & Streptococci

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2
Q

Gram + bacilli we will discuss can b grouped into two categories:

A

Spore forming & non-spore forming

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3
Q

Name the Gram +, spore forming aerobic/facultative anaerobic genus

A

Bacillus

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4
Q

Name the Gram +, spore forming obligate anaerobic genus

A

Clostridia

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5
Q

Name the Gram +, non-spore forming, aerobic or facultative anaerobic genera

A

Corynebacteria & Listeria

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6
Q

Staphylococci are found in what microscopic morphology?

A

Grape-like clusters

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7
Q

Streptococci are found in what microscopic morphology?

A

chains/pairs and chains

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8
Q

List the species of Staph we will discuss.

A

S. aureus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus

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9
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes are a group A, group B or group D Strep species?

A

Group A

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10
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae are a group A, group B or Group D Strep species?

A

Group B

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11
Q

Enterococci & Streptococcus gallolyticus are a group A, group B or Group D Strep species?

A

Group D

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12
Q

Are S. aureus coagulase + or -?

A

Positive

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13
Q

Where are S. aureus colonizers?

A

Skin and mucosa

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14
Q

List the 3 clinical manifestations of S. aureus.

A

1- Pyogenic infections (boils/abscesses, folliculitis, wound infections, impetigo)
2- Disseminated infections (endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia (Hosp. acq), bacteremia/sepsis
3- Toxigenic (food poisoning, Toxic Shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome)

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15
Q

List the 3 broad categories of S. aureus virulence factors.

A

Surface proteins, enzymes, toxins

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16
Q

T/F: antibiotic resistance is a common and worrisome feature of S. aureus infections.

A

Truth

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17
Q

What is the cause of most Staph epidermidis infections?

A

occur in the setting of foreign devices (prosthetic joints/other ortho hardware, central lines, artificial valves, etc.)

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18
Q

What helps Staph epi adhere to foreign objects?

A

Surface adhesins; BIOFILM (slime) is then produced which encases bacteria shielding them from Abx and immune response

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19
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is normal flora of the female ___________ and ___________.

A

genital tract; GI tract

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20
Q

Are Staph epi & Staph saprophyticus coagulase - or +?

A

Negative

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21
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of UTIs behind E. coli?

A

Staph saprophyticus

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22
Q

What is the Lancefield antigen?

A

carbohydrate antigen important for typing, especially for the beta-hemolytic Streps.
Groups A, B, C, D, & G refer to Lancefield antigen

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23
Q

Describe alpha, beta and gamma hemolysis.

A

A- green blood agar around colonies
B- complete clearing of blood agar (group A & B Strep)
G- No change to BAP

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24
Q

Describe the hemolysis of Strep pyogenes

A

Beta hemolytic

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25
Q

Describe the Lancefield antigen of Strep pyogenes

A

Group A

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26
Q

List the virulence factors of Strep pyogenes.

A

M protein, streptokinase, several different toxins

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27
Q

What pyogenic diseases does S. pyogenes cause?

A

Pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, erysipelas

28
Q

What toxigenic diseases does S. pyogenes cause?

A

Scarlet fever, Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

29
Q

What immune related diseases does S. pyogenes cause?

A

Rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

30
Q

Which group of Strep causes “Strep throat” (pharyngitis)?

A

Group A

31
Q

Describe the microscopic morphology of Strep pneumoniae

A

Lancet shaped diplococci

32
Q

Describe the hemolysis of Strep. pneumoniae

A

Alpha hemolytic

33
Q

List the diseases associated with Strep pneumoniae (more common in young, old and immunocompromised)

A

Lobar pneumonia
Bacteremia
Meningitis (most common cause)
Otitis media (most common cause)

34
Q

Name the one virulence factor of Strep pneumoniae

A

Capsule

35
Q

Is there a vaccine for Strep pneumoniae?

A

Yes.

36
Q

What are the two genera/species of group D Strep?

A

Enterococcus sp. & Strep gallolyticus

37
Q

Enterococcus sp of Strep is a part of normal _______ flora.

A

Colonic flora

38
Q

Enterococcus is associated with these diseases:

A

Hospital-acquired UTIs
Blood stream infections
Endocarditis

39
Q

There is a very strong association between pts with colon cancer and Streptococcus gallolyticus induced ___________.

A

Endocarditis

40
Q

There are two forms of anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis. List them and what causes their symptoms.

A

Inhalation anthrax and Cutaneous anthrax (most common form)

Both are toxin-mediated (AB toxin)

41
Q

Which gram positive rod causes food poisoning?

A

Bacillus cereus. Can be diarrheal or emetic, both toxin-mediated.

42
Q

List the 4 species of Clostridia.

A

C. perfringens
C. difficile
C. tetani
C. botulinum

43
Q

C. perfringens causes what two diseases?

A

Gas gangrene (alpha toxin) & food poisoning (toxin) 3rd most common food-borne illness

44
Q

________ (genus & species) is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea and most common cause of abx-associated diarrhea.

A

C. difficile

45
Q

How does one contract C. dif?

A

Fecal-oral route

46
Q

T/F: C. diff’s disease is toxin mediated.

A

true

47
Q

Where do you find the spores of C. tetani?

A

soil

48
Q

C. tetani’s disease is _______-mediated. Surprise!

A

Toxin-mediated

49
Q

Infection with ___________ (genus & species) presents as strong muscle spasms and spastic paralysis (lock-jaw).

A

C. tetani

50
Q

What’s the prognosis for a C. tetani infection?

A

Not good, high mortality. Vaccine is protective against toxin (TdaP, DTap).

51
Q

C. botulinum causes botulism, a _______-mediated disease.

A

Toxin-mediated. Almost got you!

52
Q

Floppy baby syndrome is caused by: (genus/sp)

A

Clostridium botulinum

53
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of botulism?

A

Food-borne botulism

54
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of botulism?

A

hypotonia/difficulty feeding/weakness; flaccid paralysis

55
Q

Describe the microscopic morphology of Corynbacterium diptheriae. Do it now.

A

Pleomorphic (size/shape changes in response to env. conditions), club-shaped, arranged in palisades (chinese characters), beaded appearance.

56
Q

Guess, just GUESS what mediates Corynbacterium diptheriae disease!

A

AB Toxin you silly goose!

57
Q

Describe the disease caused by Corynbacterium diptheriae.

A

Acute pharyngitis with formation of an overlying gray membrane (pseudomembrane) which can cause mechanical obstruction

58
Q

What is the prophylactic vaccine for C. diptheriae?

A

DTap/TDaP

59
Q

Listeria monocytogenes causes these diseases in the extremes of age and in immunocompromised patients?

A

meningitis, bacteremia

60
Q

Infection in pregnancy with this bacterium can be devastating- nonspecific flu-like symptoms that can ultimately lead to fetal demise,/miscarriage/infection at birth.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

61
Q

If you see chinese language looking bacteria under a microscope, what is it?

A

Corynbacterium diptheriae

62
Q

T/F: Group A Strep is ALWAYS susceptible to Penicillins.

A

True

63
Q

Impetigo caused by group A strep will have what character and can be found where on the body?

A

Small, scabbed lesions. Around the mouth.

64
Q

Impetigo caused by S. aureus will have what character and be found where on the body?

A

More blister like, more bulbous. Found all over the body.

65
Q

Clostridium perfringens has a unique micro morph for a gram + bacterium. Describe it.

A

large “box-car” rods

CMOD- Block1 (36 decks)

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