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Micro generalities Flashcards

0
Q

Unique to gram negative organisms

A

Outer membrane with LPS, no teichoic acid

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1
Q

Only g+ with LPS

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

Examples of spirochetes

A

BLT borrelia, lepto, treponema

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3
Q

Only mycoplasma that is an obligate aerobe

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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4
Q

Bacteria with no cell wall

A

Mycoplasma (sterols)

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5
Q

Products of catalase

A

Water, o2

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6
Q

Products of peroxidase

A

Water only

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7
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

ABC actinomyces, bacteroides, clostridium

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8
Q

Heat stable exotoxin

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

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9
Q

Most virulent microorganism

A

Yersinia pestis

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10
Q

Toxic component of LPS causing DIC

A

Lipid A

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11
Q

All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide except in

A

Bacillus anthracis (poly-D glutamate)

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12
Q

Most common form of severe antibody deficiency affecting both children and adults

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

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13
Q

Di George CATCH22

A

Cardiac defects TOF, abnormal facies, thymic aplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia, 22q11.2 chromosomal deletion

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14
Q

Wiskott aldrich syndrome

A

Tie a wasp: thrombocytopenia, infections, eczema, WASP mutation

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15
Q

Ataxia telangiectasia

A

ATI: ataxia, telangiectasia, IgA deficiency

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16
Q

Test for chronic granulomatous disease

A

Nitroblue tetrazolium test

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17
Q

Most common complement defect

A

C2 deficiency

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18
Q

Components of quadrivalent vaccine against Neisseria

A

Alpha, charlie, yankee, w135

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19
Q

Most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency in the Philippines

A

Malnutrition

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20
Q

Drugs acting on 30s

A

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines

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21
Q

Drugs acting on 50s

A

Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincosamide, linezolid, streptogramin

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22
Q

Agar for clostridium perfringens

A

Egg yolk

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23
Q

Agar for corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Tellurite

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24
Q

Agar for group D streptococci

A

Bile esculin

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25
Q

Agar for staphylococci

A

Mannitol salts

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26
Q

Agar for neisseria from sterile sites

A

Chocolate

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27
Q

Agar for neisseria from nonsterile sites

A

Thayer martin

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28
Q

Thayer martin antibiotics

A

Vancomycin, cholestin, nystatin

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29
Q

Agar for haemophilus influenzae

A

Chocolate, factor v and x

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30
Q

Lowenstein jensen

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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31
Q

Thiosulfate citrate bile salts TcBS

A

Vibrio cholerae

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32
Q

Bordet gengou

A

Bordetella pertussis

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33
Q

Charcoal yeast extract

A

Legionella pneumophila

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34
Q

Skirrows

A

Campylobacter, helicobacter

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35
Q

Barbour stoenner kelly

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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36
Q

Eaton

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

37
Q

Cetrimide

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

38
Q

Xylose lysine deoxycholate

A

Salmonella, shigella

39
Q

Ellinghausen mccoullough johnson harris, fletcher

A

Leptospira interrogans

40
Q

Reagent for catalase test

41
Q

Catalase test contains

A

Hydrogen peroxide

42
Q

Most common cause of acute endocarditis

A

Staph aureus (tricuspid valve, IV abusers)

43
Q

Diseases with strawberry tongue

A

TSS, kawasaki, scarlet fever

44
Q

Most common bacterial cause of sore throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

45
Q

Fever, strawberry tongue, sandpaper centrifugal rash, pastia’s lines, desquamation

A

Scarlet fever

46
Q

Process of gram stain

A

VIAS violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin

47
Q

Gram positive membranes

A

Cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acid, capsule

48
Q

Gram negative membranes

A

Cytoplasmic membrane, periplasmic space, peptidoglycan layer with murein, outer membrane with LPS, capsule

49
Q

Components of LPS

A

O antigen, core polysaccharide, lipid A

50
Q

Anchors outer membrane of Gram negs

51
Q

Hot acid fast stain

A

Ziehl neelsen

52
Q

Cold acid fast stain

53
Q

Components of acid fast stain

A

Carbol fuschin, methylene blue

54
Q

Bacteria not seen via gram stain

A

These rascals may microscopically lack color: treponema, rickettsia, mycobacteria, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

55
Q

Flagellum is what kind of antigen

56
Q

Spore forming G+

A

Bacillus, clostridium

57
Q

Non-spore forming G+

A

Corynebacterium, listeria

58
Q

Branching fungi-like G+

A

Actinomyces, Nocardia

59
Q

Only G neg cocci

60
Q

Only G neg spiral-shaped

A

Spirochetes: borrelia, leptospira, treponema

61
Q

Pleomorphic G negs

A

Rickettsia, chlamydia (both intracellular, not seen via gram stain)

62
Q

Compound in spores that makes them heat resistant

A

Dipicolinic acid

63
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Nosy nagging pests must breathe lots (of oxygen): nocardia, neisseria, pseudomonas, mycobacteria, bordetella, brucella, bacillus cereus, legionella

64
Q

Relapsing fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis

65
Q

Most abundant colon flora

A

Bacteroides

66
Q

Most abundant colon obligate anaerobe

A

Bacteroides

67
Q

Most abundant colon facultative anaerobe

68
Q

Inanimate objects that can harbor pathogenic microorganisms and serve as agents of transmission

69
Q

Surface proteins that mediate binding to endothelium and extracellular proteins like fibronectin

A

Curli (salmonella, E.coli)

70
Q

Bacterial enzyme that allows adherence to mucous membranes

A

IgA protease

71
Q

Bacterial enzyme that destroys neutrophilic leukocytes and macrophages

A

Leukocidin

72
Q

Leukocidin of Staph. aureus

A

Panton-valentine leukocidin

73
Q

Bacteria with IgA protease

A

SHiNe My Gong: Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, neisseria Meningitidis, neisseria Gonorrhea

74
Q

Active subunit of exotoxin

A

A subunit (B for binding)

75
Q

Exotoxin of clostridium perfringens causing myonecrosis

A

Lecithinase

76
Q

Endotoxin causes DIC by activating _

A

Tissue factor

77
Q

Serologic tests detect at least __ inc in titer between acute and convalescent samples

78
Q

Immunodeficiency from tyrosine kinase mutation

A

Bruton’s, x-linked agammaglobulinemia

79
Q

Immunodeficiency from failure of isotype switching

A

Selective IgA deficiency

80
Q

Immunodeficiency from defect in B cell maturation

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

81
Q

Immunodeficiency from failure of thymus and parathyroid dev

82
Q

Immunodeficiency from specific T cell def for candida

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

83
Q

Immunodeficiency from xlinked IL2 defect or autosomal ADA def

84
Q

Immunodeficiency from inability to mount IgM response

A

Wiskott Aldrich

85
Q

Immunodeficiency from mutations in DNA repair enzymes and IgA def

A

Ataxia telangiectasia

86
Q

Immunodeficiency from lack of NADPH activity

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

87
Q

Immunodeficiency from failure of phagolysosomal fusion

A

Chediak Higashi

88
Q

Immunodeficiency from mutation in integrins

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

89
Q

Immunodeficiency from inability to form membrane attack complexes

A

C5-C9 / terminal complement def

90
Q

Gold pigment of staph aureus

A

Staphyloxanthin

91
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A

Even Some Super Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules: E. coli, Strep. pneumo, Salmonella, Kleb. pneumo, H. influenzae, Pseudomonas, Neisseria meningitidis, Cryptococcus (yeast)

Micro (4 decks)

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