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Gram-Positive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior nares, protein A, PV leukocidin, heat-stable enterotoxin, TSST-1, alpha toxin, bullous impetigo, hidradenitis suppurativa, acute endocarditis, necrotizing pneumonia, post-viral pneumonia, osteomyelitis, Brodie abscess, gastroenteritis/food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, nafcillin, vancomycin, linezolid

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

Novobiocin sensitive, glycocalyx, biofilms, prosthetic valve endocarditis, indwelling catheters, VPS infections, outright vancomycin

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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2
Q

Novobiocin resistant, 2nd MCC UTI sexually active women, TMP-SMX, quinolones

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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3
Q

Novobiocin in Staphylococcus

A

NO StRESs: novobiocin Saprophyticus - Resistant, Epidermidis - Sensitive

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4
Q

MCC UTI sexually active women

A

E. coli

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5
Q

Bacitracin-sensitive, Lancefield group A, (+) PYR, throat, DNAse/streptodornase, C5A peptidase, erythrogenic toxin, Streptolysin O & S, exotoxin A & B, impetigo contagiosa, erysipelas, cellulitis, nec fasciitis, MCC bacterial pharyngitis, scarlet fever, TSS with recognizable infection, RF, GN, penicillin V/G

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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6
Q

Bile-optochin in Streptococcus

A

OVR PaS: Optochin: Viridans - Resistant, Pneumoniae - Sensitive

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7
Q

Bacitracin in Streptococcus

A

Bus in the AndeR PaS: Bacitracin: Agalactiae - Resistant, Pyogenes - Sensitive

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8
Q

Lancefield groups of Streptococcus

A

A Pyogenes, B Agalactiae, D group D

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9
Q

Hemolytic patterns of Streptococci

A

Alpha - pneumoniae, viridans, Beta - pyogenes, agalactiae, Gamma - group D

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10
Q

Strep with (+) PYR test

A

Pyogenes, group D

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11
Q

Bacitracin sensitivity in Strep groups

A

BRAS: group B - resistant, group A - sensitive

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12
Q

Toxin producing scarlet fever

A

Erythrogenic toxin (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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13
Q

Streptolysin O is irreversibly inhibited by __

A

Cholesterol (in skin lipids)

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14
Q

Bullous impetigo causes separation of what epidermal layer

A

Stratum granulosum

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15
Q

TEN causes separation of what skin layer

A

Dermal-epidermal junction

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16
Q

Impetigo contagiosa (Streptococcus pyogenes) causes accumulation of neutrophils in what epidermal layer

A

Stratum corneum

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17
Q

Superficial skin infection extending into dermal lymphatics

A

Erysipelas (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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18
Q

Deeper skin infection involving subcutaneous tissues

A

Cellulitis (Streptococcus pyogenes, spreading factor)

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19
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes causes necrotizing fasciitis through what toxin

A

Exotoxin B

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20
Q

Fever, strawberry tongue, centrifugal sandpaper-like rash, Pastia’s lines, desquamation

A

Scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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21
Q

Milder than TSS (Staphylococcus aureus) with recognizable site of infection

A

Streptococcal TSS (pyogenic exotoxin A)

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22
Q

Caused by cross-reaction to M proteins in a Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever

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23
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions

A

ACID: 1 - allergic/IgE, 2 - cytotoxic, 3 - immune complex, 4 - delayed

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24
Q

Post-pharyngitic GN from Streptococcus pyogenes is caused by immune complex deposition becaused of what toxin

A

M protein

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25
Q

Bacitracin-resistant, Lancefield group B, Lim broth, MCC neonatal sepsis worldwide, MCC neonatal pneumonia/sepsis/meningitis, UTI in pregnant women, penicillin G

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus)

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26
Q

Lim broth is for rapid identification of what Strep

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

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27
Q

MCC neonatal sepsis worldwide

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

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28
Q

Endometritis is most commonly caused by

A

Polymicrobial (including GBS)

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29
Q

All pregnant women should be screened for GBS at __weeks AOG

A

35-37 weeks AOG (prophylaxis with Penicillin IV or Ampicillin)

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30
Q

Enterococcus faecalis aka

A

Group D streptococcus

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31
Q

Gamma nonhemolytic, Lancefield group D, bile-esculin agar BEA, (+) PYR, colon habitat, UTI from indwelling catheters and GU instrumentation, penicillin + gentamicin

A

Group D streptococcus

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32
Q

Marantic endocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy (pancreatic CA) is caused by what Streptococcus

A

Streptococcus bovis

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33
Q

Optochin-sensitive, lancet-shaped, diplococci, polysaccharide capsule, positive Quellung, IgA protease, c-substance, MCC CAP with rust-colored sputum and lobar pattern, MCC otitis media/sinustis in children, MCC bac men in adults, Amoxicillin/Pen G, polysaccharide vaccine, conjugated vaccine with diphtheria toxoid

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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34
Q

Positive Quellung

A

swelling

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35
Q

MCC otitis media / sinusitis in children

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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36
Q

MCC bacterial meningitis in adults

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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37
Q

MCC CAP

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

Amoxicillin versus Ampicillin

A

Amoxicillin has better oral absorption

39
Q

Optochin-resistant, oropharynx habitat, dental procedures, glycocalyx, Penicillin G

A

Viridans streptococci

40
Q

Streptococcus in dental caries

A

Strep. mutans

41
Q

Streptococcus in subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Strep. sanguis

42
Q

Streptococcus in brain abscesses

A

Strep. intermedius

44
Q

MCC subacute and native valve endocarditis

A

Strep. sanguis

44
Q

Dick test

A

Scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)

46
Q

Box-car shaped

A

Bacillus anthracis

47
Q

Reheated fried rice

A

Bacillus cereus

48
Q

Chinese Fried Rice Syndrome

A

Bacillus cereus

49
Q

Chinese Restaurant Syndrome

A

MSG toxicity

50
Q

Tennis-racket like

A

Clostridium tetani

51
Q

Bulging cans

A

Clostridium botulinum

52
Q

Gas-forming, gas-gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens

53
Q

Pseudomembranes

A

Clostridium difficile

54
Q

Chinese letters

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

55
Q

Tumbling motility

A

Listeria monocytogenes

56
Q

Falling leaf motility

A

Giardia lamblia

57
Q

Swarming motility

A

Proteus mirabilis

58
Q

Shooting star motility

A

Vibrio cholerae

59
Q

Box-car shaped, Medusa head morphology, soil habitat, woolsorter’s disease, poly-D-glutamate capsule, edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen, malignant pustule then eschar, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline

A

Bacillus anthracis

60
Q

Woolsorter’s disease

A

Inhalational anthrax

61
Q

MCC death with inhalational anthrax

A

Hemorrhagic mediastinitis (pulmonary hemorrhage)

62
Q

Mediates entry of edema factor and lethal factor

A

Protective antigen (B. anthracis)

63
Q

Motile, reheated fried rice, heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin, emetic and diarrheal form, penetrating eye injury from soil-contaminated object, Vancomycin for ophthalmitis

A

Bacillus cereus

64
Q

B. cereus enterotoxin producing emetic form, rice, short incubation period, staphylococcal-like

A

Heat-stable enterotoxin (B. cereus)

65
Q

B. cereus enterotoxin producing diarrheal form, meat and vegetables, long incubation period, cholera-like

A

Heat-labile enterotoxin (B. cereus)

66
Q

B. cereus enterotoxins

A

DILA: DIarrheal - heat Labile, emetic - heat stable

67
Q

Terminal spore, tennis racket shaped, soil habitat, tetanospasmin releasing glycine from Renshaw cells, spastic paralysis, debridement, Metronidazole, avoid penicillin, vaccination q10 years

A

Clostridium tetani

68
Q

Soil habitat, improperly preserved food, bulging cans, raw honey, heat-labile neurotoxin blocking Ach release, toxins A/B/E in humans, flaccid paralysis, 4D diplopia dysphonia dysarthria dysphagia, bilateral descending paralysis, floppy baby syndrome, ventilatory support, gastric lavage, metronidazole, trivalent antitoxin

A

Clostridium botulinum

69
Q

4Ds of food-borne botulism

A

diplopia, dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia

70
Q

Ascending paralysis

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

71
Q

Triad of Botulism

A

symmetric descending flaccid paralysis with prominent bulbar involvement, absence of fever, intact sensorium

72
Q

Double hemolysis on blood agar, egg yolk agar, lecithinase, soil and colon habitat, myonecrosis, alpha toxin (lecithinase), enterotoxin, wound debridement, Penicillin, supportive mgmt for food poisoning

A

Clostridium perfringens

73
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

74
Q

Clostridium perfringens toxin that causes gas gangrene

A

Alpha toxin - a lecithinase

75
Q

Most common immunologic toxins of Clostridium botulinum in humans

76
Q

Exotoxin in stool detected by cytopathic effect in tissue culture, colon habitat, fecal-oral transmission, fomites from spore formation, overgrowth from antibacterial use, toxin A enterotoxin, toxin B cytotoxin, pseudomembranous colitis, oral metronidazole, oral vancomycin

A

Clostridium difficile

77
Q

Gold standard for detecting Clostridium difficile

A

tissue culture, toxin detection assay, exotoxin in stool showing cytopathic effect

78
Q

Antibiotics causing pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin, 2/3 gen cephalosporin, ampicillin

79
Q

Clostridium difficile toxin causing diarrhea

A

Toxin A - enterotoxin

80
Q

Clostridium difficile toxin causing pseudomembrane formation

A

Toxin B - cytotoxin

81
Q

Pseudomembranous pharyngitis

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

82
Q

Pseudomembranous esophagitis

A

Candida (AIDS defining)

83
Q

Non-motile, club or comma-shaped, Chinese characters, metachromatic granules, tellurite plate, Elek test, throat habitat, exotoxin encoded by B-prophage, pseudomembranous pharyngitis, bull neck CLAD, antitoxin, Penicillin G, toxoid vaccine combo DTaP

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

84
Q

Metachromatic / Babes-Ernst / volutin granules

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

85
Q

Elek test

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

86
Q

Diphtheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis via

A

Exotoxin adds ADP-ribose to EF-2

87
Q

ABCDEFG Diphtheria

A

ADP-ribosylation, Beta-prophage, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, EF-2, Granules metachromatic

88
Q

ABCDE Beta prophage-encoded toxins

A

shigA-like toxin (EHEC), Botulinum, Cholera, Diphtheria, Erythrogenic toxin (Strep. pyogenes)

89
Q

Complications of Diphtheria

A

Airway obstruction, myocarditis, paralysis

90
Q

Cold enhancement, G+ with LPS, GI and female GU habitat, unpasteurized milk, internalin on E-cadherin, actin rockets, granulomatosis infantiseptica, meningitis, Ampicilllin +/- Gentamicin

A

Listeria monocytogenes

91
Q

Cephalosporins are not effective against these bacteria

A

MRSA, Listeria, Enterococci

92
Q

Ampicillin is used in Listeria meningitis because

A

Ampicillin cannot cross BBB but neonates have deficient BBB

93
Q

Listeria toxin that interacts with E-cadherin

A

internalin

94
Q

Tumbling motility, actin rockets

A

Listeria monocytogenes

Micro (4 decks)

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