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Gram-Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria fermentation

A

MeninGitidis - Maltose, Glucose; GOnorrhea, Glucose Only

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1
Q

Maltose fermenter, encapsulated, kidney-bean shaped, URT habitat, IgA protease, MCC meningitis age 2-18, meningococcemia, purpura fulminans, Waterhouse-Friedrichsen, Ceftriaxone/Pen G, vaccine ACYW135 diphtheria toxoid, rifampin chemoprophylaxis

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

MCC meningitis age 2-18

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Meningococcemia purpuric rash

A

Purpura fulminans

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3
Q

Bacteria causing Waterhouse-Friedrichsen (adrenal insufficiency)

A

N meningitidis, Strep pneumoniae

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3
Q

Vaccines against these bacteria are coupled to diphtheria toxoid

A

N meningitidis, Strep pneumoniae, H influenzae

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4
Q

Meningococcemia chemoprophylaxis for close contacts

A

Rifampicin

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4
Q

Maltose non-fermenter, GU habitat, pili, IgA protease, co-infection with C. trachomatis, ophthalmia neonatorum, MCC urethritis/PID, MCC septic arthritis in sexually active adults, Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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5
Q

Violin string adhesions in perihepatitis from gonorrhea

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

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5
Q

Gonorrhea STD complicated 50-60% of the time with __

A

C trachomatis

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6
Q

Tx for opthalmia neonatrum

A

Erythromycin

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6
Q

MCC urethritis/PID

A

N gonorrhea

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7
Q

MCC septic arthritis in sexually active adults

A

N gonorrhea

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7
Q

MCC septic arthritis

A

Staph aureus

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8
Q

HACEK organisms causing endocarditis

A

Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae

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8
Q

Neisseriaceae causing culture-negative subacute bacterial endocarditis in Pts with previous heart disease

A

Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae

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9
Q

Enriched chocolate agar, polyribitol phosphate capsule

A

Haemophilus influenzae type b

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9
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar, whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

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10
Q

Silver stain, charcoal yeast agar, airconditioning

A

Legionella pneumophila

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10
Q

Enriched chocolate agar V & X, satellite phenomenon around S aureus, URT habitat, polyribitol phosphate (type b) capsule, IgA protease, non-typeable meningitis, epiglottitis, COPD exacerbations, Ceftriaxone, vaccine with diphtheria toxoid

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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11
Q

Hib, whooping cough, thumb sign, Ceftriaxone

A

Epiglottitis

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11
Q

Parainfluenza, steeple sign, racemic epinephrine

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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12
Q

Diseases caused by H influenzae

A

haEMOPhilus: Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia

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12
Q

MCC COPD exacerbations (bacterial, overall)

A

Strep pneumoniae, H influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis

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13
Q

MCC COPD exacerbations (viral)

A

Influenza virus

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14
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar, Regan-Lower charcoal medium, URT habitat, tracheal cytotoxin causes whooping, Erythromycin

A

Bordetella pertussis

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15
Q

Lymphocytosis despite bacterial infection

A

Bordetella pertussis

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16
Q

Regan-Lowe charcoal medium

A

Bordetella pertussis

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17
Q

Staccato cough

A

Chlamydia

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18
Q

B. pertussis inhibits phagocytic activity because of __

A

False adenylate cyclase

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19
Q

B. pertussis damages ciliated cells and causes whooping because of __

A

Tracheal cytotoxin

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20
Q

Pertussis phase with highest yield of culture

A

Catarrhal (2nd phase of 4)

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21
Q

Pertussis phase with whooping

A

Paroxysmal (3rd phase of 4)

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22
Q

Atypical pneumonia caused by

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila

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23
Q

Silver stain, facultative intracellular, charcoal yeast agar with iron and cysteine, rapid urinary antigen test, environmental water habitat, airconditioning, endotoxin is sole virulence factor, atypical pneumonia, pontiac fever, Azithromycin

A

Legionella pneumophila

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24
Q

Facultative intracellular bacteria

A

Some Bugs May Live FacultativeLY: Salmonella, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia

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25
Q

Pontiac fever

A

Legionella pneumophila

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26
Q

Lactose fermenting bacteria

A

lactose fermenters in macConKEE agar: Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter

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27
Q

Lactose fermenter, green sheen on EMB, colon habitat, pili, H K O antigens, HST and HLT cause watery diarrhea, verotoxin causes bloody diarrhea, MCC community & nosocomial UTI, neonatal meningitis, Ampicillin for UTI, 3rd gen cephalosporins for meningitis & sepsis

A

Escherichia coli

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28
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

A

MESSY SPECK: Morganella, E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Serratia, Proteus, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella

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29
Q

MCC community-acquired & nosocomial UTI

A

E. coli

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30
Q

Neonatal meningitis bacteria

A

BEL: B group strep, E. coli, Listeria

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31
Q

E. coli watery, traveler’s diarrhea

A

ETEC

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32
Q

E. coli PPP pathogenic, pediatric, Philippines: watery diarrhea, infants, developing countries

A

EPEC

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33
Q

E. coli bloody diarrhea, HUS, undercooked beef

A

EHEC

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34
Q

HUS components

A

thrombocytopenia, anemia, uremia, renal failure

35
Q

E. coli persistent watery diarrhea in children and AIDS

36
Q

K antigen

37
Q

O antigen

38
Q

H antigen

39
Q

M protein

A

Strep pyogenes

41
Q

Lactose non-fermenter, H2S producer, xlyose lysine deoxycholate medium, fecal-oral transmission, enterocolitis, Vi capsular antigen, septicemia, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, vaccination

A

Salmonella spp.

43
Q

Salmonella whose habitat is human colon only

45
Q

Salmonella causing entercolitis, high infectious dose

A

S enteritidis/typhimurium

47
Q

Salmonella causing Typhoid Fever through Vi capsular antigen

49
Q

S typhi are able to multiply in Peyer’s patches, spread to reticuloendothelial system, and establish chronic carrier state because of what antigen

A

Vi capsular antigen

51
Q

Salmonella causing septicemia, with sequelae of osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and meningitis

A

S cholerasuis

53
Q

S typhi culture source in any week of disease

A

Bone marrow

55
Q

S typhi culture source in 1st week of disease

57
Q

S typhi culture source in 2nd week of disease

59
Q

S typhi culture source in 3rd week of disease

61
Q

S typhi culture source in chronic carrier state

A

Bile, stool, bone marrow

63
Q

Week of complications in Typhoid Fever

64
Q

Salmon colored rash in Typhoid Fever, culture-positive fro Salmonella

A

Rose spots (2nd week of disease)

65
Q

Increase in heart rate per degree celsius increase in body temp

A

10 bpm / 1 degree celsius

66
Q

Hematologic side effect of Chloramphenicol

A

Aplastic crisis (not dose-dependent, idiosyncratic)

67
Q

Chloramphenicol is bactericidal against the following meningitis-causing bacteria

A

No Bacteria Survive Here: Neisseria meningitidis, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

68
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

69
Q

Lactose non-fermenter, H2S non-producer, O antigen (LPS), xylose-lysine-deoxycholate medium, colon habitat, fecal-oral transmission, invades distal ileum and colon, low infectious dose, enterotoxin similar to E. coli verotoxin 0157:H7, bacillary dysentery watery then bloody diarrhea, Ciprofloxacin

A

Shigella spp.

70
Q

4Fs of Shigella transmission

A

Food, Fingers, Feces, Flies (fecal-oral transmission)

71
Q

MCC bacillary dysentery (Shigella spp)

A

Shigella Sonnei-Duval bacillus

72
Q

MCC severe bacillary dysentery (Shigella spp)

A

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga bacillus)

73
Q

Shiga toxin, Shigella enterotoxin similar to __

A

Verotoxin of E. coli O157:H7

74
Q

Comma-shaped, TCBS agar, shooting star motility, enterotoxin via ADP ribosylation activating Gs, high, infectious dose, pandemics from El Tor biotype, rice-water stool

A

Vibrio spp

75
Q

Vibrio living in human colon only

A

Vibrio cholerae

76
Q

Vibrio living in saltwater

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus / vulnificus

77
Q

Vibrio from seafood

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus / vulnificus

78
Q

ADP-ribosylation of choleragen

A

Gs - turn ON the on

79
Q

ADP-ribosylationn of pertussis

A

Gi - turn OFF the OFF

80
Q

Cholera pandemics caused by __

A

Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor

81
Q

Treatment of cholera

A

Rehydration, Tetracyclin or Azithromycin

82
Q

Treatment of parahaemolyticus / vulnificus infection

A

Minocycline plus quinolone or Cefotaxime

83
Q

Only method for effective control of cholera

A

Sanitation improvements

84
Q

Comma-shaped, microaerophilic, Skirrows agar, fecal-oral transmission, MCC bacterial gastroenteritis, does not penetrate colon mucosa so sepsis is rare, watery foul-smelling diarrhea then bloody, undercooked chicken, association with Guillain-Barre and Reiter, Erythromycin for severe cases

A

Campylobacter jejuni

85
Q

MCC bacterial gastroenteritis

A

Campylobacter jejuni

86
Q

Bacteria usually in undercooked chicken

A

Campylobacter jejuni

87
Q

Bacteria usually in undercooked beef

88
Q

Bacteria usually in raw shellfish, seafood

A

Vibrio vulnificus

89
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is associated with these diseases because of antigenic cross-reactivity between capsule and neurons

A

Guillain-Barre, Reiter’s

90
Q

Triad of Reiter’s (reactive arthritis)

A

Can’t Pee, Can’t See, Can’t Climb a Tree - urethritis, uveitis, arthritis

91
Q

Curved, urease-positive, stomach habitat, damages goblet cells, produces ammonia from urea to neutralize stomach acid, gold standard EGD with biopsy, PUD, gastric carcinoma, MALT lymphomas, triple/quadruple therapy

A

Helicobacter pylori

92
Q

Urease-Positive Bacteria

A

H pylori Keeps Producing Urease: H pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Ureaplasma urealyticum

93
Q

Diagnosis of H pylori

A

EGD with biopsy, urease breath test, stool antigen (document cure)

94
Q

Gastric ulcers reaction to food

A

Aggravated by food

95
Q

Duodenal ulcers reaction to food

A

Relieved by food, night distress

96
Q

MC bleeding artery in gastric ulcers

A

Left gastric artery

97
Q

MC bleeding artery in duodenal ulcer

A

Gastroduodenal artery

98
Q

Quadruple therapy for H pylori

A

OBMT: Omeprazole, Bismuth, Metronidazole, Tetracycline

99
Q

Encapsulated, ESBL, urease-positive, URT and GIT habitat, ascending spread of fecal flora, necrotizing pneumonia with currant jelly sputum, MCC pneumonia in alcoholics, culture-guided treatment

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

100
Q

Drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella have __

101
Q

Currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

102
Q

MCC pneumonia in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

103
Q

Lactose non-fermenter, urease-positive, swarming motility, grow in circles/waves, urease for alkaline urine ecourages struvite/MAP stones, staghorn calculi, TMP-SMX or Ampicillin

A

Proteus mirabilis

104
Q

Struvite stones composition

A

MAP: magnesium, ammonium, phosphate

105
Q

Bacteria causing staghorn calculi

A

Proteus mirabilis

106
Q

Obligate aerobe, lactose non-fermenter, pyocyanin damages cilia and mucosal cells, grape-like odor, Cetrimide agar, endotoxin A transfer facilitated by type III secretion system, verdoglobin for hemoglobin breakdown, burn wound infections, hot tub folliculitis, skin graft-loss, green nail syndrome, puncture wound osteomyelitis, MCC otitis externa, VAP, CAP-HR, typhlitis, Shanghai fever, nosocomial UTI, ecthyma gangrenosum, multiple antibiotics

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

107
Q

Pseudomonas exotoxin A transfer facilitated by __

A

type III secretion system

108
Q

Pseudomonas toxin that damages cilia and mucosa

A

Pyocyanin (blue-green pigment)

109
Q

Grape-like odor

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

110
Q

Pseudomonas toxin from hemoglobin breakdown

A

Verdoglobin

111
Q

MCC otitis externa / malignant OE / CSOM

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

112
Q

Shanghai fever (mild typhoid)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

113
Q

3rd MCC nosocomial UTI

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

114
Q

Predominant anaerobe of human colon, synergistic pathogenicity, foul-smelling discharge, abdominal abscess, Tx with Metronidazole

A

Bacteroides fragilis

Micro (4 decks)

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