Micro final Flashcards
what infectious disease is caused by Yersinia pestis
The plague
What infrectious disease is caused by Coccidioides immitis
Valley fever
What infectious disease is caused by Naegleria fowleri
primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
what infectious disease is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Diptheria
What infectious disease is caused by Mycoplasma genitalium
Mgen
A quality for an antimicrobial drug that means the drug selectively kills or inhibits the growth of microbial targets while causing minimal or no harm to the host
selective toxicity
what four antibiotics inhibit cell wall biosynthesis?
- Penicillin G
- Vancomycin
- Cephalosporin
- Bacitracin
What four antibiotics inhibit protein biosynthesis?
- streptomycin
- tetracycline
- chloramphenicol
- azithromycin
what is the one antibiotic that disrupts membranes?
Polymyxin B
What are the three antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
- Rifampin
- Nitrofurantoin
- fluoroquinolones
What antibiotic disrupts metabolic pathways
sulfa drugs
what are the seven challenges any good pathogen must overcome to cause disease?
- find a reservoir between hosts
- use a mode of transmission to get to the new host
- Must adhere to the surface’s of the host’s tissues and colonize the new host
- Must invade the new host to get into the deeper tissues
- Must evade host’s immune responses to establish an infection
- Must actually cause a disease (multply and produce toxins)
- Exit the host and go to a new host or back to the reservoir
what is index case?
The first case
what is etiology?
the study of the cause of the disease
Common source epidemic
a single source for all individuals affected
Propagated spread
occurs from direct or indirect person to person contact - no single source for infection
What are the three types of transmission used by pathogens to get to new hosts? Give examples of each type and know the subtypes of each type (if applicable).
- vector
- contact
- vehicle
An epidemic that occurs on a worldwide scale
pandemic
When a larger number than expected cases occur in a short time in a geographic area
epidemic
when diseases that are constantly present in a population
endemic
Proteins made by bacteria and secreted from cells. Are toxic in small doses but are not pyrogenic. Can be denatured with heat. Can be made by Gram - or Gram +
Exotoxins
Made of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which are actually part of the outer membranes of dead Gram - bacteria.
Can’t be denatured with heat (no vaccines are made with them)
They are pyrogenic
Are only toxin in large doses
endotoxins
What is an example of a passive portal of exit?
through a sneeze or cough
what is an example of an active portal of exit
oozing sores and ruptured vesicles
who was the first person to grow organisms in a pure culture and invent agar based media?
Robert Koch
