Micro Exam 3*final* Flashcards
What are Kochs postulates?
A system for proving an organism is the cause of a disease
When are kochs postulates used?
For new diseases only because it takes too long to use for identification
What are the two cases when kochs postulates should be used?
Proving for the first time that a path. is the cause of a new disease
Settling disputes when two paths are reposted as the cause of the same disease
How many steps are in kochs postulates?
What are they?
AIIP
4 Association Isolation Inoculation Re-isolation
What is the association step in Knochs Postulates
The suspect must be present in all cases
A pathogen is suspected and is tested
What occurs during the isolation step of Knochs Postulates?
The suspect pathogen is isolated on agar medium using the 3 way streak method
What occurs during the inoculation stemp of Knoch Posts.
the suspect pathogen is innoculated into living host.
if the host shows the same symptoms as the original organisms then the next step is followed
What is the re-isolation step in Knochs P’s
the suspect ust be re-isolated from the inoculated host and must be identical
What are the exceptions of knoch’s rules?
Obligate parasites can not be isolated
Human diseases cant be tested on humans so results may not be accurate
What are non-specific host defenses?
defenses that target all types of pathogens
bodies first line of defense
What are the 7 types of non-specific defenses in humans?
ANAPIFM
Anatomical/physical barriers
Normal flora
Antimicrobial body secretions
What are the three main Anatomical barriers?
How do they protect?
Skin-water proof layer
Mucous Mem.-traps microbes
Cilia-mechanically removes foreign materials
How do normal human flora act as non-specific host defense?
immune system stimulation
Pre-coloization and takes up space
nutrient competition
production of toxins
lactobacillus
E. coli
What are the 5 main anti microbial secretions of the human body?
LPLTA
Lysozyme-saliva Peroxidase-saliva, milk Lactoferrin-milk Thiocyanates-saliva Acid- skin, stomach, vagina
What are the three main types of leukocytes involved in phagocytosis?
Macrophages
Monocytes
Neutrophils
What is the relationship between Macrophages and Monocytes?
When Macro’s die Mon’s can differentiate into Macros and replace them
Which of the three Leukocytes are the rapid response team?
Neutrophils
What are the 6 steps in Phagocytosis?
CRFFDE
Chemotaxis Recognition Formation of Phagosome Formation of Phagolysosome Destruction and Digestion Exocytosis
What occurs during Chemotaxis?
Phagocytes move to the site of infection via detection of chemicals produced by microbes
What occurs during Recognition
Receptors on Phagocytes bind to invading microbes
What is a phagosome?
When the cell wall of the phagocyte engulfs the microbe and creates a membrane-bound vacuole
Why is the production of the phagolysosome important?
it is what allows for the digestion and destruction of the pathogen within the phagocyte
What is inflammation?
the body’s response to tissue damage
What are the symptoms of inflammation?
increase in temperature of tissues.
redness
swelling
pain
How many main steps are in the inflammation process?
3
What occurs in the first stage of inflammation?
damaged cells release histamine
fluid rushes in