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PID Exams > Micro Drugs, Exam 1 > Flashcards

Micro Drugs, Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Vancomycin

A

“MRSA coverage
Blocks cross linking of newly synthesized cell wall to existing cell wall, Binds D-Ala dipeptide
Requires 12 hrs to work “

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2
Q

Clindamycin

A

“Shuts down exotoxin production (Protein synth. Inhibitor)

May allow growth of clostridium dificile, causing pseudomembranous enterocolitis “

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3
Q

Rifampin / rifamycin

A

“Great mucosal penetration
Prophylactic for meningitis (neisseiria won’t develop resistance), treats Tuberculosis
Turns urine and contact lenses red
Inhibits initiation of transcription”

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4
Q

IV Immunoglobulin

A

Neutralizes superantigen

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5
Q

Drotecogin alpha, activated protein C

A

“Anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic

Slows clotting in purpura fulminans “

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6
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Prevent Inflammation if damaging (e.g. meningitis)

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7
Q

Phosphonomycin

A

“Class???
Acts in Cytoplasm
PEP analogue, block UDP-NAG to UDP-NAM”

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8
Q

D-Cycloserine

A

“Acts in Cytoplasm
Blocks addition of terminal D-ala dipeptide to UDP-NAM
Good for TB (second line)”

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9
Q

Bacitracin

A

”
Acts in membrane
Blocks regeneration of bactoprenol pyrophosphate, required cell wall precursor carrier (Blocks pyrophosphatase
Group A strep VERY sensitive”

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10
Q

Penicillins

A

“Beta-lactams
Block the transpeptidation reaction, displaces terminal D-Ala
Acts on the cell surface
Binds Penicillin binding proteins (PBP)”

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11
Q

Cephalosporins

A

“Beta-lactams
Block the transpeptidation reaction, displaces terminal D-Ala
Acts on the cell surface
Binds Penicillin binding proteins (PBP)”

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12
Q

Monobactam

A

“Beta-lactams
Block the transpeptidation reaction, displaces terminal D-Ala
Acts on the cell surface
Binds Penicillin binding proteins (PBP)”

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13
Q

Carbapenems

A

“Beta-lactams
Block the transpeptidation reaction, displaces terminal D-Ala
Acts on the cell surface
Binds Penicillin binding proteins (PBP)”

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14
Q

What are 4 beta lactams?

A

“Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Monobactam
Carbepenem”

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15
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

“Inactivates Beta-lactamases

Used with Amoxicillin as Augmentn “

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16
Q

What beta lactams have S group, leading to sensitivity?

A

“Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbepenem”

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17
Q

What PBP confers resistance to beta lactams? Most common in _

A

PBP2a, Staph Aureus

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18
Q

Benxyl Penicillin (Pen G)

A

“Penicillin

Beta lactamase sensitive, good Gram + activity”

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19
Q

Phenoxymethyl Penicillin (Pen V)

A

“Penicillin

Beta lactamase sensitive, good Gram + activity”

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20
Q

Procaine Penicillin

A

“Penicillin

Beta lactamase sensitive, good Gram + activity”

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21
Q

Methicillin

A

“Penicillin

Penicillinase Resistant, Good gram + activity “

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22
Q

Oxacillin

A

“Penicillin

Penicillinase Resistant, Good gram + activity “

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23
Q

Nafcillin

A

“Penicillin

Penicillinase Resistant, Good gram + activity “

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24
Q

Cloxacillin

A

“Penicillin

Penicillinase Resistant, Good gram + activity “

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25
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

“Penicillin

Penicillinase Resistant, Good gram + activity “

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26
Q

Flucoxacillin

A

“Penicillin

Penicillinase Resistant, Good gram + activity “

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27
Q

Amoxicillin

A

“Penicillin

Moderate Spectrum “

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28
Q

Ampicillin

A

“Penicillin

Moderate Spectrum “

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29
Q

Piperacillin

A

“Penicillin

Moderate Spectrum “

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30
Q

Augmentin

A

“Penicillin
Amox + Clavulanic acid
Extended Spectrum “

31
Q

Carbenicillin

A 
"Penicillin 
Extended Spectrum (Also treats Pseudomonas "
32
Q

Ticarcillin

A 
"Penicillin 
Extended Spectrum (Also treats Pseudomonas "
33
Q

Cefalexin

A 
"First Gen Cephalosporin
Moderate Spectrum (Mainly gram +)"
34
Q

Cephalothin

A 
"First Gen Cephalosporin
Moderate Spectrum (Mainly gram +)"
35
Q

Cephazolin

A 
"First Gen Cephalosporin
Moderate Spectrum (Mainly gram +)"
36
Q

Cefaclor

A 
"Second Gen Cephalosporin
Moderate Spectrum (Mainly gram +, with anti haemophillus)"
37
Q

Cefuroxime

A 
"Second Gen Cephalosporin
Moderate Spectrum (Mainly gram +, with anti haemophillus)"
38
Q

Cefamandole

A 
"Second Gen Cephalosporin
Moderate Spectrum (Mainly gram +, with anti haemophillus)"
39
Q

Cefotan

A 
"Second Gen Cephalosporin
Moderate Spectrum (Mainly gram +, with anti anaerobic activity)"
40
Q

Cefoxitin

A 
"Second Gen Cephalosporin
Moderate Spectrum (Mainly gram +, with anti anaerobic activity)"
41
Q

Ceftriaxone

A 
"Cephalosporin (3rd generation)
Broad spectrum  (Gram + and -)"
42
Q

Cefotaxime

A 
"Cephalosporin (3rd generation)
Broad spectrum  (Gram + and -)"
43
Q

Ceftazidime

A

“Cephalosporin

Broad spectrum with antipseudomonas activity”

44
Q

Cefepime

A

“Cephalosporin 4th generation

Broad spectrum, enhance gram + activity and beta lactamase stability”

45
Q

Cefpirome

A

“Cephalosporin 4th generation

Broad spectrum, enhance gram + activity and beta lactamase stability”

46
Q

Imipenen

A

“Carbepenen

Broadest spectrum of Beta lactams “

47
Q

Aztreonam

A

“Monobactam

Single ring, lowest chance of cross reactivity “

48
Q

Tazobactam

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor

49
Q

Sulbactam

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor

50
Q

Naladixic Acid

A

“Quinolone
Target DNA gyrase (DNA replication)
Prevents formation of phosphodiester bonds”

51
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

“Fluoroquinolone
Target DNA gyrase (DNA replication)
Prevents formation of phosphodiester bonds, treats Tuberculosis
Risk of enterocolitis, tendons bursting”

52
Q

Norfloxacin

A

“Fluoroquinolone
Target DNA gyrase (DNA replication)
Prevents formation of phosphodiester bonds
Risk of enterocolitis, tendons bursting. Treats UTI”

53
Q

Ofloxacin

A

“Fluoroquinolone
Target DNA gyrase (DNA replication)
Prevents formation of phosphodiester bonds
Risk of enterocolitis, tendons bursting”

54
Q

Metronidazole

A

“Nitroimidazole
Used for UTI - Trichomonas vaginalis
Anaerobic bacteria and microaerophillic bacteria
Intercalates In DNA, blocks replication”

55
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

“Good CNS penetration
Good against gram -
Rare use today, aplastic anemia “

56
Q

Erythromycin

A

“Macrolide antibiotics
Used when penicillin allergy
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor “

57
Q

Azithromycin

A

“Macrolide antibiotics
Used when penicillin allergy
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor “

58
Q

Clarithromycin

A

“Macrolide antibiotics
Used when penicillin allergy
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor “

59
Q

Gentamycin

A

“Aminoglycosides
Good for hard to kill gram -, cause amino acid misreading
Treats pseudomonas in CF patients
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity “

60
Q

Amikacin

A

“Aminoglycosides
Good for hard to kill gram -, cause amino acid misreading
Treats pseudomonas in CF patients
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity “

61
Q

Kanamycin

A

“Aminoglycosides
Good for hard to kill gram -, cause amino acid misreading
Treats pseudomonas in CF patients
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity “

62
Q

Tobramycin

A

“Aminoglycosides
Good for hard to kill gram -, cause amino acid misreading
Treats pseudomonas in CF patients
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity “

63
Q

Tetracycline

A

“Tetracycline
Protein synthesis inhibitor, broad spectrum, bacteriostatic
Binds Calcium, stains teeth “

64
Q

Doxacycline

A

“Tetracycline
Protein synthesis inhibitor, broad spectrum, bacteriostatic
Binds Calcium, stains teeth “

65
Q

Mupirocin

A

“Protein synthesis inhibitor

Treats strep and staph impetigo, decolonize nose of staph aureus before surgery (+ chlorhexidine)”

66
Q

Linezolid

A

“Oxazolidinones

Treats MRSA, resistance developed quickly “

67
Q

Polymyxin B

A

“Membrane active (causes toxicity in all organisms)

Used to remove LPS from columns”

68
Q

Daptomycin

A

“Causes membrane disruption

Used for MRSA (not as good as vanco)”

69
Q

Sulfonamide and Trimethoprim

A

“Synergistic combo
Broad spectrum, aerobic and facultative bacteria (blocks folic acid metabolism)
Pneumocystis carinii - Fungus
Anaerobes are resistant “

70
Q

Isoniazid

A

“Blocks cell wall synthesis

Good for mycobacterium (TB), used in combination “

71
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Good for mycobacterium (TB), used in combination

72
Q

Ethambutol

A

Good for mycobacterium (TB), used in combination

73
Q

Capreomycin

A

“Amino glycoside

Good for mycobacterium (TB), used in combination “

74
Q

Clofazimine

A

“Good for mycobacterium (TB), used in combination

Also Leprosy”

PID Exams (17 decks)

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