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From Flashcardlet > Micro. ch.16 > Flashcards

Micro. ch.16 Flashcards

1
Q

Immunity

A

the ability to ward off disease through body defenses

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2
Q

Concept of Immunity

A

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

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3
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Concept of Immunity
Present at birth
all body defenses that protect the body against any kind of pathogen

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4
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

Concept of Immunity

defenses (antibodies) against specific microbe

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5
Q

First line of Defense

A

Physical barrier

Non specific chemicals

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6
Q

Physical factors (barriers)

A 
First line of Defense
Intact (layers of) skin 
Tears 
Saliva
Mucus
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7
Q

Intact (layers of) skin

A 
Physical factors (barriers)
The water proof protein KERATIN provide resistance to microbial invasion
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8
Q

Tears

A 
Physical factors (barriers)
Lacrimal apparatus protects the eyes from irritating substances and microbes.
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9
Q

Saliva

A 
Physical factors (barriers)
Washes microbes from teeth and gums.
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10
Q

Mucus

A

traps microbes that enter the reap. and GI tracts.

epithelial layer and connective tissue layer

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11
Q

(Non specific) Chemical Factors

A 
First line of Defense
Sebum
Perspiration
Lysozyme
Gastric Juice
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12
Q

Sebum

A

(Non specific) Chemical Factors
unsaturated fatty acids inhibit growth of pathogenic bacterial
-bacterial commonly found on skin can metabolize can cause the inflammatory response associated with acne.
prevents hair form drying

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13
Q

Perspiration

A

(Non specific) Chemical Factors
Washes microbes off skin
made by sweat glands
help maintain bosy temp.

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14
Q

Lysozyme

A 
(Non specific) Chemical Factors
breaks down cell walls of gram+ and to a lesser extent gran-.
found in tears 
saliva 
nasal secretions
perspiration
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15
Q

Gastric Juice

A

(Non specific) Chemical Factors
prod. by stomach glands
mixture of HCL, enzymes, mucus.
prevents microbial growth on stomach by high acidity (pH1.2-3.0)

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16
Q

Second line of Defense

A

formed elements in blood
Blood
Leukocytes
Platelets

17
Q

Blood

A

Second line of Defense

plasma (fluid) + formed elements (cell fragments)

18
Q

Leukocytes

A 
Second line of Defense
white blood cells
2 main groups
-Granulocytes
-Agranulocytes
19
Q

Granulocytes

A

Leukocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophilis

20
Q

Neutrophils

A 
Granulocytes (leukocytes) 
the most import an Phagocytes
have the ability to 
leave blood 
penetrate infected tissue
destroy microbes and foreign particles
21
Q

Basophils

A

Granulocytes (leukocytes)
Produce histamines
-important inflammation and and allergic responses.

22
Q

Eosinophils

A

Granulocytes (leukocytes)
Produce toxic substances against parasites (helminthes)
have ability to
leave blood

23
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Leukocytes
Monocytes
Dendritic cells
Lymphocytes

24
Q

Monocytes

A

Agranulocytes (leukocytes)
Phagocytic until they leave circulating blood
enter body tissue and mature into macrophages

25
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Agranulocytes (leukocytes)
Derived form monocytes
are phagocytic
initiate adaptive immune system

26
Q

Lymphocytes

A 
Agranulocytes (leukocytes) 
include 
natural killer cells NK
T-cells 
B-cells
27
Q

Platelets

A

Second line Defends

Function in blood clotting

28
Q

Inflammation

A

component of second line defense

Bodily response to cell damage

29
Q

Inflammation characterized by

A 
redness 
pain
heat
swelling
sometimes loss of function
30
Q

Vasodilation

A

after inflammation

dilation of blood vessels

31
Q

Vasodilation releases

A

histamine
kinins
prostaglandins cause vasodilatation and
increase blood vessels permeability.

32
Q

Fever

A

third component of second line defense
one of the most important responses
high body temp. in response to a bacterial infection

33
Q

Cause (induce) fever

A

Bacterial endotoxins
interlukin-1
Alpha-tumor necrosis factor

34
Q

fever symptoms

A

chill- indicated a rising temperature

Crisis (sweating)- indicates body’s temp is falling

35
Q

Interferons

A 
Antiviral proteins produced in response to viral infection
3 types of human interferon
A (alpha)-IFN
B (Beta)-IFN
Y(gamma)-inferon
36
Q

A-Alpha and B-Beta IFN

A

produced by virus infected host cells only in small quantities and diffuse to uninfected neighboring cells
induce uninfected cells to prod. antivirals prtns AVPs that prevent replica.

37
Q

Y-gamma interferon

A

prod. by lymphocytes

activates neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria.

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