micro - bacteria Flashcards by Alexandra Brown

induces TNF and IL-1

lipiteichoic acid in cell wall, Lipid A

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has cell wall

Gm +

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has outer membrane

Gm -

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mediates adherance to structures

glycocalyx

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has lipoteichic acid

Gm +

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has endotoxin/LPS

gm -

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thick peptidoglycan

gm +

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gm + coccus

staph, streo

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gm - coccus

neiserra

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gm + rod

clostridium
cornyebacterium
baccillus
listeria
mycobacteria (acid fast)
gardinella (gm variable)

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gm - rod

enterics, respiratory, zoonotic

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branching filamentous

actinomyces

nocardia (weakly acid-fast)

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pleomorphic

rickettsiae

chlamydiae

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spiral

leptospira
borrelia
treponema

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no cell wall

mycoplasma

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wall contains sterols

mycoplasma

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wall contains high lipid content

mycobacteria

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bugs that don’t gram stain well

treponema
rickettsia
mycobacteria
mycoplasma
legionella
chlamydia

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stains for chlymidia, borrelia, rickettsia, trypansomes, plasmodium

giemsa

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PAS stains for

tropheryma whipplei

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zeihl-neesen stains

acid-fast bugs

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india ink stains

cyrptococcus

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silver stain stains

fungi, legonella, heliobacter

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grows H flu

chocolate agar

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growsNeiseria

thayer-martin/VPN

grows pertuussis

bordet-gengou

grows diptheria

tellurite

grows TB

lowenstein-jensen

grows M pneumonia

eaton's agar

grows lactose fermenting enterics

pink colonies on macConkey's

grown E coli

green metallic on EMB

grows fungi

Sanoraroud

obligate aerobes

nocardia, p aeuroginoa, TB, bacillus

aerobe found in burn wounds

P aerugnosa

oblugate anerobes

clostridium, bacteroides, actinomyces

obligate intracellular bugs

chlamydia, rickettsia

faculative intracellular bugs

``` salmonella neiserria brucella mycobacterium listeria francisella legionella yersina pestis ```

encapsulated bacteria

``` strep pnemonia hemophilus flu B neiseria meningitidis E coli salmonella klabsiella pneumoniae group B strep ```

catalase +

``` pseudomonas listeria aspergilllus candida staph A serratia ```

polysaccaride vax with no conjugated protein

pneumovax

conjugated vax

H flu B | meningococcal

urease +

``` cryptococcus H pylori proteus ureaplasma nocardia klebsiella staph epidermis S saprophyticus ```

binds Fc region of Ig, preents opsonization and phagocytosis

protein A (staph a)

cleaves IgA

IgA protease (s pnemonia, H flu, neisseria)

prevents phagocytosis - expressed by group A strep

M protein

diseases of exotoxins

tetanus, botulism, diptheria

diseases of endotoxins

meningococcemia, gram - sepsis

location of genes for exotoxins

plasmid/bacteriophage

location of genes for endotoxins

bacterial chromosome

more toxic: endo/exotoxin

exotoxin

more heat stable endo/exotoxin

endotoxin

causes fever and shock

endotoxin

contaiend in cell membrne of most gm -

endotoxin

MOA of diptheria toxin/Exotoxin A (pseudomonas aeruginosa)

initates Elongation factor (EF-2)

MOA of shiga (shigella) /shiga-like toxin (EHEC)

inactivates 60S ribosome by removng adenine from rRNA

MOA of heat-labile (ETEC) roxin

overactives adenalyte cyclase --> cAMP --> Cl-secretion in gut and water efflux

MOA of heat-stable (ETEC) toxin

overactivates cGMP --> lowers salt/water reabsorption in gut

MOA of edema factor (anthrax)

mimics the adenylate cyclase enzyme --> increasing cAMP

MOA of cholera toxin

permanatly increases cAMP --> increases Cl secretion in gut and water efflux

MOA of pertussis toxin

increases cAMP, impairs phagicytosis

MOA of tetanus/botulism toxin

Cleaves SNARE protein required for NT release

pharyngitis with psedomembranes and "bull neck lymphadenopathy"

diptheria

dysentrary and HUS

shigella

HUS w/o dystentary

EHEC

watery diareeha

ETEC

black eschar in skin,

anthrax (cutaneous)

rice-water diarrhea

cholera

whooping cough

pertussis

tetanus toxin effect

prevents release of inhibitory NT (GABA/Glycine)- results in spastic paralysis

botulism toxin effect

prevents release of stimulatory NT (ACh) - results in flaccid paralysis

clostridium perfringens toxin MOA

alpha toxin that degrades tissue and cell membranes

streptolysin O (S pyogenes) toxin

protein that degrades cell membranes

B-hemolysis

s pyogenes

Toxic shock syndrome toxin/exotoxin A MOA

bring MHC-II and TCR in close proximity to outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IFN-g and IL-2. leading to shock

causes scalded skin syndrome

staph A exfoliative toxin

causes Staph A food poisoning

enterotoxin

IL-1 release via endotoxin causes

fever

TNF release via endotoxin causes

fever and hypotension

NO release via endotoxin causes

hypotension

C3a release via endotoxin causes

hyptension and edema

C5 release via endotoxin causes

neutrophil chemotxis

tissue factor release via endotoxin causes

DIC

phase of bacterial growth effected by beta-lactams

log phase

ability to take up naked DNA from environment

transformation

contains genes for sex pilis and conjugation

F+

transposition

DNA segment that jumps from one location to the other, and can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa

bacterial genetic change mediated by phages

transduction

toxin genes located in lysogenic phage

``` Shiga-like Botox Cholera Diptheria Erythogenic toxin of Strep pyogenes ```

found in unpasturized milk and causes menegitis in newborns

listeria

Staph A causes

skin infections, organ abcesses, pneumonia, acute bacterial endocarditis, osteomyelitls

infects prostetic devices and catheters

S epidermis

most common cause of meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitus

s pneumoniae

cause dental caries and subacute bacterial endocarditis

viridans group strep

group A strep pyogenes cause

pharyngitis, cellulitis, imetigo, scarlet fever, necrolizing faciatis, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

strep skin infection can lead to

glomerulonephritis

strep throat can cause

rheumatic fever

passed from mom to infant at birth. causes pneumonia, meningitis and sepis

Strep B

can cause baeterima and subacute endocarditis in colon cancer pts

strep bovis (D)

C difficle toxin that causes pseduomembrane

toxin B

causes gangrene

C perfrinigens

treatment for C diff

metronidazole or oral vancomycin

antibiotics that can being on C diff

clindamycin or ampicillin

bacterium with polypeptide capsule

B anthrax

form "actin rockets" to move from cell to cell and "tumbling" motilty

listeria

can cause spontantous abortion in pregnant women

listeria

long branching non acid fast filaments that cause oral/facial abcesses - yellow sulfer granules

actinomyces

long branching acid fast filaments causeing pulmonary infection in immunocompenent

nocardia

secondary TB usually found in

upper lobes

vax for TB

BCG

bad type of leprosy

lepromatous (TH2 response)

better type of leprosy

tuberculoid (Th1 response)

drugs for leprosy

dapsone and rifampin (clofazimine for lepramatuous)

grows pink colonies on macConkey's

lactose fermenting enteric (klebsiella, E coli, enterobacter)

gram neg fermenting maltose and glucose

meningococci

treatment for gonococci

ceftriaxone + arithromycin/doxycycline for possible chlamidia

causes meningitis with possible water-house-fridrichseon syndrome

meningococci

prophylaxis for close contact with meningococci pts

rifampin, cipro, ceftriaxone

treatment for meningococci

ceftriaxone or pencillin G

caused by hemophilus influenza

epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia

treatment for hemophilus influenza

ceftriaxone

mild form of legonairres

pontiac fever

stain for legionella

silver stain

detection of legionella

antigen in urine

how legionella is contracted

infected water (not person to person)

pseudomonas casues

infection in burn victims, pneumonia (in CF pts), external otitis, UTI

treatment for legonella

macrolide or quinolone

treatment for pseudomonas

aminoglycoside + exentended spectrum penicillin

e colis that cause dysentary

EIEC, EHEC

e coli that causes kidney hemolysis

EHEC

red current jelly sputum

klebsiella

casued by klebsiella

aspriation pneumonia in diabetics and alchoholics, abcesses in lungs and liver, nosocomial UTIs

rose spots on abdomen, fever, headache, and diarrhea

salmonella typhi

resivoir of salmonella typhi in carrier

gallbladder

bloody diarrhea from old meat and unpasterized milk

campylobacter

campylobacter can lead to

dx test for h pylori

urease breath test

treatment for lyme disease

doxy, ceftriaxone

natural resivoir of lyme disease

mice

stages of lyme

1 - bulls eye rash, flu-like sx 2 - facial nerve palsy, cardiac issue 3 - chronic arthritus, encephalothy, polyneuropathy

stages of syphillis

1 - local painless chancre 2 - constitutional sx, maculopapular rash, 3 - gummas, ataxia, aortitis, pupil does not react to light

dx of syphillis

1 - VDRL in chacre sample 2 - darkfield microscopy 3 - VDRL of spinal fluid

sx of congential syphillis

saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, mulberry molars

jarisich-herxheimer reaction

flu-like sx right after antibiotics started

bartonella spp causes

cat scratch

borrelia burgdorph causes

lyme (from ixodes ticks)

borrelia recurrents causes

recurrent fever (from louse)

brucella causes

brucllosis (from cows)

campylobacter transmitted by

puppy poop, undercooked meat, fecal oral

coxiella burnetii causes

Q fever (cattle/sheep amniotic fluid)

ehricia chaffeenis causes

erlichoisis (lone star tick)

pasteurella causes

cellulitis, osteomylitis (fickrom cat/dog bite)

rickettsia prowazekii causes

epidemic typhus (louse)

rickettsia rickettsia causes

rocky mountain spotted fever (dermacentor tick)

rickettsia typhi causes endemic typhus

flea

resivoir of plauge

rats and prairie dogs

fishy vagina with clue cells

gardenerallas

treatment for gardneralla

metronidazole

rash starts centrally and spreads out

epidemic typhus

rash starts at wrist and ankles and speads to trunk

RMSF

treatment for all rickettsial diseases

doxycycline

lab dx of chlymidia

cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giesma or flurecent stained antibody smear

infectious form of chlymidia

elementary body

treatment for chlamydia

arithromycin or doxy

causes river blindness

chlamydia trachomatis A,B or C

casues "walking pnemonia" in young pts and prisons

mycoplasma pneumoniae

treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae -

macrolide ot fluroquinolone