Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS - BS/Micro/Genetics/Biochem/Cell Bio > Biochem > Flashcards

Biochem Flashcards

1
Q

fat soluable vitamins

A

A,D,E K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

B complex deciencies SX

A

dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of Vit A

A

eyes - found in liver and leafy green veg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

low Vit A

A

night blindness and dry skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vit OD that can cause bad birth defects

A

A (retin-A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

thiamine/B1 function

A

cofactor for several metabolic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

thiamine/B1 deficiency

A

wernicke-korsakoff
dry/wet beri-beri
low ATP from impaired glucose breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

wernicke-korsokoff

A

confusion, blindness, ataxia, confabulation (damage to mamillary bodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dry beri-beri

A

polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

wet beri-beri

A

high output cardiac failure, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

B2/riboflavin function

A

cofactor in oxidation and reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

B3/niacin decienciy

A

pellegra (diarreha, dementia, dermititis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

B2/riboflavin deficiency

A

cheiliosis, corneal vascularization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vit B6/prydoxine function

A

cofactor in transamination, used to synthsize NTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

vit B6/prydoxine deficney

A

convulsions, hyperirritibility, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B9/folic acid function

A

converted to THF - needed for nitrogenous bases in DNA (found in leafy green veg - FOLiage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

B9/folate deficiency

A

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia w/o neuro sx - birth defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

drugs that can cause folate deficincy

A

phenytoin, sulfanomanides, MTX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cobalmin/B12 function

A

transfers methyl groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

B12 decifncy causes

A

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia with neuro sx. - can be irreversable with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

casues of B12 deficicncy

A

malabsorption, lack of IF (pernicous anemia) or lack of terminal ilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

vitamin C use

A

antiox, keeps Fe reduced for absorption, collegen synth, needed to convert dopamine to NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

vit c deficncy

A

scurvy, immune response weakaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vit D use

A

intestinal absorption of Ca and phopshate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Vit D deficncy

A

ricketts/osteomalacia, tetany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

storage form of D

A

25-OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

active form of D

A

1.25-OH (calcitrol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

vit E function

A

antioxidant, protects RBCs and membranes from free radical damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

E deficency

A

hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, spinocerebellar tract demylination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Vit K function

A

coagulation (factors 2, 7, 9, 10 and proteins C and S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Vitamin K used for ____ OD

A

warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

can cause vit K defciency

A

just being born, use of broad spectrum antibiotics,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

antidote for methanol/ethyline glycol

A

fomepizole (inhibits alchohol dehydrogenase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

drug that makes you sick after drinking EtOH

A

disulfram (inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrgenase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how EtOH can cause hypoglycemia

A

increaes NADH/NAD+ ratio in liver - causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate - inhibts gluconeogenesis and syimulates fatty acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

malnutrition with edema and fatty liver (kid with swollen belly)

A

kwashikor (kwashi is squishy) - protein malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

malnutrition with muscle wasting

A

marasmus (energy malnutrition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

processes in mitochondria

A

fatty acid oxidation
acytl-CoA priduction
TCA cycle
ox phos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

processes in cytoplasm

A 
glycolysis
fatty acid sythesis
HMP shunt
protein synthesis
cholesterol synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

processes in both cytoplasm and mitochondria

A

Heme synth, urea cycle, gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

rate determining enzyme in glycolosis

A

PFK-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

rate determining enzyme in gluconeogenesis

A

fructose-1,6-bisphoshatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

rate determining enzyme in TCA

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

44
Q

rate determining enzyme in glycogen sythesis

A

glycogen synthase

45
Q

rate determining enzyme in in glycogenolysis

A

glycogen phosphorylase

46
Q

rate determining enzyme in n HMP shunt

A

G6PD

47
Q

rate determining enzyme in in de novo pyrimidine synth

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

48
Q

rate determining enzyme in in de novo purine synth

A

glutamine PRPP amidotransferase

49
Q

rate determining enzyme in in Urea cycle

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

50
Q

rate determining enzyme in fatty acid synth

A

acythl-CoA carboxylase

51
Q

fattyacid oxidation

A

carnitibe acyltransferase I

52
Q

ketogenises

A

HMG-CoA syththase

53
Q

cholersterol synthesis

A

HMG-CoA Reductase

54
Q

aerobic metabolism produces how many ATP from one glucose

A

32 (30 in heart/liver)

55
Q

anaerobic metabolism produces how many ATP from one glucose

A

2

56
Q

glucokinase found in

A

liver and pancreas B cells

57
Q

function of hexokinase

A

at low glucose concentrations - sequesters glucose in tissue

at high glucose concentrations - stores glucose in liver

58
Q

arsenic causes

A

inhibition of lipoc acid. sx are vomiting, rice water stools and garlic breath

59
Q

purely ketogenic amino acids

A

lysine and leucine

60
Q

pyruvate dehydrogenase deficency results in

A

lactic acidocis - (X linked) causes neuro deficits - treat with high fat and lysine/leucine

61
Q

ox/phos electron transport inhibitors

A

rotenone, cyanide, antimycin A, CO

62
Q

ox/phos synthase inhibitors

A

oligomycin

63
Q

uncouples ATP production from electron transport

A

2.4.DNP, aspirin, thermogenin (brown fat)

64
Q

gluconeogenesis irrevisble enzymes

A

pyruvate carboxylase
PEP carboxylase
fructose 1.6. bisphosphatase
G6P

65
Q

G6PD effects on blood

A

heinz bodies
bite Cells
(X linked)

66
Q

can bring on G6PD sx

A

fava beans, sulfonamides, primaquine, anti-TB drugs, infections

67
Q

causes fructose intolerance

A

deficnecy of aldolase B

68
Q

hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrosis, vomitingle

A

fructose intolerance

69
Q

infantile cateracts, may lack social smile and/or can;t tract pbjects

A

galactokinase deficency

70
Q

failure to thrive, jaundice, hepatomegaly, infantile cataracts, MR

A

galactosemia (lack of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase)

71
Q

purley glucogenic essential Amino acids

A

met Val His

72
Q

sx of amnomia intox

A

tremor (flapping hands) slurring, somnolence, vomiting, cerebreal edema, blurring vision

73
Q

most common urea cycle disorder

A

orthithine transcarbamoylase deficneicy

74
Q

products of phenylanaline

A

thyroxine, melanin, dopamine, NE, Epi

75
Q

products of tryptphan

A

NAD/NADP, sertonin, melatonin

76
Q

products of histadine

A

histamine

77
Q

products f glycine

A

Heme

78
Q

products of arginine

A

creatine, urea, Nitric oxide

79
Q

produces of Glu

A

GABA, glutathione

80
Q

MR, growth delay, seziures, fair skin, musty odor

A

PKU

81
Q

effect on kid of maternal PKU

A

microencepphaly, MR, slow growth, congenital Heart defects

82
Q

black urine, srthralgias, dark tissues, brown schlera

A

alkapatonuria

83
Q

results in albinism

A

lack if tyrosiase or defective tyrosine transporters

or lack of migration of neural crest cells

84
Q

MR, osteoporosis, tall stature, lens down and in, CVD

A

homocystinuria

85
Q

can cause renal staghorn calculi

A

cystinuria

86
Q

causes maple syrup urine dx

A

blocked degradation of branched amino acids (Ile, Leu, Val)

87
Q

severe fasting hypoglycemia, high blood lactate, lots of glycogen in liver, hepatomegaly

A

type I/ von greirke’s dx (lack of glucose 6 phosphate)

88
Q

cardiomegaly and early death

A

type II/ pompe’s dx (lack of acid maltase)

89
Q

high glycogen in muscle, painful muscle cramps with excersize, myogloburina with exerise

A

type V/Mcardle’s (lack of skeletal muscle glycogen phophorlyse)

90
Q

peripherl neuropathym angiokeratomas, CV/renal dx

A

fabry’s (lack of a-galactosidase) (XR)

91
Q

hepatosplenomagaly, aseptic necrosis of femur, crumpled tissue macrophages

A

gaucher’s (lack of glucocerbrosidase)

most common lysosomal storage dx

92
Q

pregressive neurodegeneration, hepatomegaly, cherry red macula, foam cells

A

neimann-pick (lack of sphingomylase)

93
Q

preoressive neurodegeneration or mental delay, cherrt red maculam lysosomes with onion skin NO HEPATOMAGALY

A

tay-sachs (lack of hexominadase A)

94
Q

peripheral neuropathy, developmenal delay, optic atrophy, globoid cells

A

Krabbe’s dx (Lack of galactocerebrosidase)

95
Q

develomental delays, gargoylism, airway obstruction, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomagaly

A

hurler’s (a-l-iduronidase)

96
Q

mild hurler’s with agressive behaviort and normal eyes

A

hunter’s (idorunate sulfatase deficncy) - XR

97
Q

causes inability to transport LCFAs into mitochondria

A

carnitine deficnency

98
Q

MOA of statins

A

inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (RLS of cholesterol syntheis)

99
Q

degrated dietaryTG in SI

A

pancreatic Lipase

100
Q

degrades TG stpred in adipose

A

hormone sensitive lipase

101
Q

binds LDL receptor

A

B-100

102
Q

catylazes esterification of cholesterol

A

LCAT

103
Q

delivers diertary TG ti peripheral tissue

A

chylomicron

104
Q

delivers hepatic cholesterol to peripheral tissue

A

LDL

105
Q

familal hypercholesterolemia findings

A

high LDL and cholesterol - causes early MI and AVD

106
Q

failure to thrivem steatorrhea, acanthocytosis, ataxia, night blidnness

A

abetalipoproteinamia (low chylomicron and VLDL synth and secretion)
MTP gene mutation

BRS - BS/Micro/Genetics/Biochem/Cell Bio (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions