micro antimicrobials Flashcards
1
Q
-cillin MOA
A
blocks cell wall synth by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking
2
Q
cephalasporin MOA
A
blocks cell wall synth by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking
3
Q
aztreonam MOA
A
blocks cell wall synth by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking
4
Q
imipenem MOA
A
blocks cell wall synth by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking
5
Q
bacitaracin MOA
A
block peptidoglycan synth
6
Q
vancomycin MOA
A
block peptidoglycan synth
7
Q
sulfaonamide MOA
A
bluck nucleotide synth by inhibiting folic acid synth
8
Q
trimethoprim MOA
A
bluck nucleotide synth by inhibiting folic acid synth
9
Q
fluroquinolone MOA
A
block DNA topoisomerase
10
Q
rifampin MOA
A
block mRNA synth
11
Q
metroniidazile MOA
A
damage DNA
12
Q
cholamphenicol MOA
A
block protein synth at 50S
13
Q
macrolides MOA
A
block protein synth at 50S
14
Q
clindamycin MOA
A
block protein synth at 50S
15
Q
streptgramin MOA
A
block protein synth at 50S
16
Q
linezoid MOA
A
block protein synth at 50S
17
Q
aminoglycosides MOA
A
block protein synth at 30S
18
Q
tetracycline MOA
A
block protein synth at 30S
19
Q
penicillin use
A
gram +
N menigitis
syphillis
20
Q
penicillin tox
A
hypersensitivity
hemolytic anemia
21
Q
penicilln resistance
A
B lactameses cleave beta lactam ring
22
Q
penicillinase resistance penicilins
A
oxacilin
nafacillin
dicloxacillin
23
Q
penicillinase resistance penicilins use
A
staph A (non MRSA)
24
Q
penicillinase resistance penicilins tox
A
hypersensitivity, intersistial nephritis
25
aminopenicillin use
Hib, E coli, Listeria, proteus, salmonella, shigella, enterococci
26
aminopenicillin tox
hypersensitivity, amicillin, pseudomembranous colitis
27
ricacillin/piperalcillin use
pseudmonas, gram neg rods - use with clavulanic acid
28
beta lactamase inhibitors
clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
29
cephalophorin MOA
inhibit cell wall synthesis but less suscetible to penicillinases
30
cephlasporin use
1st gen - proteus, e coli, klebsiella
2nd gen - Hib, entobacter aerogenes, nisseria, proteus, e coli, klebsiella, seerrati
3rd/4th, meningitis gonorreha, pseudomonas
31
antibiotic for gonhorrhea
ceftriaxone
32
tox of cephlasporins
hypersensitivity, Vit K decienciy, increases nephrotoxity of aminoglycosides
33
use of imipenem/clilistatin.meropenem
gram + cocci, gram - rods, anerobes (very toxic - only used in life threatening, refreatory infections)
34
Tox of imipenem/clilistatin.meropenem
GI distress, skin rash, CNS tox
35
vanco use
IV for MRSA, oral for c diff
36
MOA of vanco
inhibits cell wall formation ny binding D-ala D ala portion of cell wall precursors
37
vanco tox
red man syndrome (pretreat with antihistamines)
| nephro/oto tox
38
aminoclycoside drugs
gentmycin
neomycin
tobamycin
streptomycin
39
MOA of aminoglycosides
inhibit formation of initiation complex and causes misreading of mRNA (30S)
needs O2 for uptake, so useless against anareobes
40
use of aminoglycosides
severe gram neg rod infections (synergistic with b lactams)
| neomycin used for bowel surgery
41
tox of aminoglycosides
nephrotox
ototox (especially when used with loop diaretics)
tetarogenic
42
tetracycline MOA
binds to 30S and prevents prevent attachment of aminoacyl t-RNA
43
things not to mix with tetacyclines
milk, antiacids, iron containing preperations
44
uses of tetracyclines
lyme
m pneumonia
rickettsia
chlymidia
45
tox of tetracylcines
```
GI distress
discoloration of teeth
inhibition of bone growth in kids
photosenstivity
contraindicated in preggers
```
46
macrolide drugs
azithro
clarithro
erythro
47
MOA of macrolides
blocks translocation at 50S
48
use of macrolides
atypical macrolides
STDs
gram + cocci in penicillin allergy
49
tox of macrolides
```
morility issues
prolonged QT
cholestatic hepatitis
Rash
eosonophilla
```
50
cholamphenicol MOA
blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S
51
use of cholamphenicol
meningitis (esp in developing countries)
52
tox of cholamphenicol
anamia, aplastic anemia, gray baby
53
clindimycin MOA
blocks peptide transfer at 50S
54
use of clindimycin
anerobic infections of the lung , oral infections with anerobes
55
tox of clindamycin
c diff
56
sulflonamides MOA
PABA antimetablites that inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
57
use of sulfonamadies
gram +/- nocardia, chlamydia, simpe UTI (bactrim)
58
tox of sulfonamadies
hypersensitivity
hemolysis in G6PD
nephrotix
displaces warfarin
59
bactrim
trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
60
MOA of trimethoprim
inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
61
trimethoprim use
UTI (Bactrim) shigella, salmonella, PCP
62
trimethoprim tox
megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
63
fluroquinolones
-floxacin
64
MOA of fluroquinolones
inhibts DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)
65
dont mix fluroquinolones with
antacids
66
use of fluroquinolones
gram + rods in GI and urinary tract
67
tox of fluroquinolones
GI upset
skinrashes
tendon isuses
prolonged QT interval
68
MOA of metronidazole
forms free radical metbolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA,
69
use of metronidazole
treats giardia, entamoeba, trichamonas, gardinalla, anerobes. (anerobes BELOW the diaphram) C DIFF
Used with PPI for H pylori
70
toxicity of metronazole
disuflram-like reaction with EtOH, headache. metallic taste
71
drugs for TBB
Rifampin
Isonizid
Pryzinanimide
Ethambutik
72
prophylaxis fr TB
isonizid
73
treatment for leprosy
daspone and rifampin (clofizimine for leprtomatous form)
74
MOA of isonizid
decreased synth of mycolic acid
75
tox of isonizid
neuro/hepatotoxicity (prevent lupus and neurotox with B6)
76
MOA of rifampin
inhibits DNA independant RNA polymerase
77
tox of rifampin
minor hepatotox
increases P450
orange body fluids
78
disadvantage of using rifampin alone
rapid resistance
79
pyrazinamide tox
hyperuricemia, hapatotox
80
ethambutol MOA
lowers carbohydrate polymerizaion of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking aribinosyltransferase
81
ethambutol tox
optic neuropathy
82
profylaxis for meninococcal infection
cipro
83
profylaxis for for gonnorhhea
ceftrioxine
84
profylaxis for for syphillis
peniccilin G
85
profylaxis for for recerrent UTI
bactrim
86
profylaxis for pregnant woman carrying group B strep
oral peniccilin
87
profylaxis for surgical infection due to Staph A
cefalozin
88
profylaxis for fir gonoccoccal or chlamydial infection in newborn
erythomycin ointment
89
treatnemt for vancomycin resistant enrtococcus
linezoild/streptogramins
90
amphotericin B MOA
binds ergosterol to form membrane pores allowing leakage of electrolytes
91
use of amphotericin B
serious systemic mycoses (supliment with K+ and Mg++)
92
toxicity of amphotericin B
fever/chills, hypotension, nephrotox, arrythmias, anemia, (GIVE WITH LOTS OF WATER TO REDUCE NEPHROTOX)
93
nystatin use
binds ergosterol to form membrane pores allowing leakage of electrolytes - used topically
94
nystatin use
topical mycosis , oral candidiis
95
-azole MOA
inhibit fungal sterol synthisis
96
-azole use
local and less serious systemic mycoses
97
tox of -azole
testerone synth inhibition, liver dysfunction (inhibits cytochrome P450)
98
flucytosine MOA
inhibts DNA/RNA synth by conversion to 5-flurouracil with amphotericin B
99
flucytosine tox
bone marrow supression
100
-fungin use
inhobots cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of B-glucan
101
use of -fungin
invasive aspergillosis, candida
102
-fungin tox
GI upset, flushing - via hystamine release
103
use for dermaphytoses
terbinafine
104
use for superficial mycoses (tinea, ringworm)
griseofulvin
105
use for toxoplasmosis
pryimethamine
106
use for trypanomas brucei
suramin and melarsoprol
107
use for T cruzi
nifurtimox
108
use for leishmaniasis
sodium stibogluconate
109
MOA of chloroquine
blocks detox of heme into hemozoin - heme it toxic to plasmodia
110
use of chloroquine
NON faliciparum plasmodial
111
treats faliciparum
aremether/lumifantrine or atovaquone/proguamil
112
use for life-threating malaria
quinidine
113
use against flukes
praziquantel
114
antihelminthics
mebendazole, pryantel pamoate, ivermactin, diethylcarbazine, praziquentel
115
zanamivir/oseltamivir use
treatment and prevention of influenza A nd B
116
zanamivir/oseltamivir MOA
inhibits influenza neuraminidase - decreasing release of progeny virus
117
ribavarin MOA
inhibits synthesis of guanidine nucleotiides
118
ribavarin use
RSV, chronic hep C
119
tox of ribavarin
hemolytic anemia SEVERE TERATOGEN
120
MOA of acylovir MOA
inhibits inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination
121
use of acylovir
HSV and VZV - weak against EBV
122
MOA of gancilovir
preferentially inhibits DNA polymerase
123
use of ganciclovir
CMV
124
tox of ganciclovir
leukopenia, neutopenia, thrombocytopenia, renal tox
125
MOA of foscarnet/cidofovir
viral DNA polymerase inhibitor
126
use of foscarnet/cidofovir
refractory CMV retinitis
| resistant Herpes
127
Tox of foscarnet/cidofovir
nephrotox
128
HAART drugs
2 NRTIs
| 1 NNRTI or 1 protease inhibitor or 1 integrease inhibitor
129
protease inhibitor
-navir
130
PI MOA
inhibits pol gene which cleaves HIV mRNA into useful parts
131
tox of PIs
hyperglycemia, GI sx, lipodystrophy, nephropath
132
NRTIs
abacavir, zidovudine, tenofovir
133
MOA of NRTI
competiviely inhibits nucleotide binding to reverse transcripterase and terminates the DNA chain
134
tox of NRTI
bone marrow supression (use G-CSF and erythropeotin), peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, anemia (AZT)
135
NNRTIs
nevirapine, efavirenz, delaviradine
136
MOA of NNRTI
binds to reverse transcripterase at different site from NRTIs
137
tox of NNRTI
bone marrow supression (use G-CSF and erythropeotin), peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, anemia (AZT)
138
intgrease inhibitor/MOA
raltegravir/inhibts HIV genome integreation into host cell
139
integrease inhibitor tox
hypercholesteremia
140
interferon MOA
blocks replication of both RNA/DNA viruses
141
use of interferon
alpha - chronic hep B/C
beta - MS
gamma - NADPH oxidase deficncy
142
tox of interferon
neutropenia, myopathy
143
antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy
```
sulfanoamides
aminoglycosides
fluroquinalones
clarithromycin
tetreacyclines
ribavarin
griseofulvin
chloramphenicol
```
