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BRS - BS/Micro/Genetics/Biochem/Cell Bio > micro antimicrobials > Flashcards

micro antimicrobials Flashcards

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1
Q

-cillin MOA

A

blocks cell wall synth by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

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2
Q

cephalasporin MOA

A

blocks cell wall synth by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

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3
Q

aztreonam MOA

A

blocks cell wall synth by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

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4
Q

imipenem MOA

A

blocks cell wall synth by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

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5
Q

bacitaracin MOA

A

block peptidoglycan synth

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6
Q

vancomycin MOA

A

block peptidoglycan synth

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7
Q

sulfaonamide MOA

A

bluck nucleotide synth by inhibiting folic acid synth

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8
Q

trimethoprim MOA

A

bluck nucleotide synth by inhibiting folic acid synth

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9
Q

fluroquinolone MOA

A

block DNA topoisomerase

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10
Q

rifampin MOA

A

block mRNA synth

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11
Q

metroniidazile MOA

A

damage DNA

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12
Q

cholamphenicol MOA

A

block protein synth at 50S

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13
Q

macrolides MOA

A

block protein synth at 50S

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14
Q

clindamycin MOA

A

block protein synth at 50S

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15
Q

streptgramin MOA

A

block protein synth at 50S

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16
Q

linezoid MOA

A

block protein synth at 50S

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17
Q

aminoglycosides MOA

A

block protein synth at 30S

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18
Q

tetracycline MOA

A

block protein synth at 30S

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19
Q

penicillin use

A

gram +
N menigitis
syphillis

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20
Q

penicillin tox

A

hypersensitivity

hemolytic anemia

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21
Q

penicilln resistance

A

B lactameses cleave beta lactam ring

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22
Q

penicillinase resistance penicilins

A

oxacilin
nafacillin
dicloxacillin

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23
Q

penicillinase resistance penicilins use

A

staph A (non MRSA)

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24
Q

penicillinase resistance penicilins tox

A

hypersensitivity, intersistial nephritis

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25
Q

aminopenicillin use

A

Hib, E coli, Listeria, proteus, salmonella, shigella, enterococci

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26
Q

aminopenicillin tox

A

hypersensitivity, amicillin, pseudomembranous colitis

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27
Q

ricacillin/piperalcillin use

A

pseudmonas, gram neg rods - use with clavulanic acid

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28
Q

beta lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

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29
Q

cephalophorin MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis but less suscetible to penicillinases

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30
Q

cephlasporin use

A

1st gen - proteus, e coli, klebsiella
2nd gen - Hib, entobacter aerogenes, nisseria, proteus, e coli, klebsiella, seerrati
3rd/4th, meningitis gonorreha, pseudomonas

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31
Q

antibiotic for gonhorrhea

A

ceftriaxone

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32
Q

tox of cephlasporins

A

hypersensitivity, Vit K decienciy, increases nephrotoxity of aminoglycosides

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33
Q

use of imipenem/clilistatin.meropenem

A

gram + cocci, gram - rods, anerobes (very toxic - only used in life threatening, refreatory infections)

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34
Q

Tox of imipenem/clilistatin.meropenem

A

GI distress, skin rash, CNS tox

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35
Q

vanco use

A

IV for MRSA, oral for c diff

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36
Q

MOA of vanco

A

inhibits cell wall formation ny binding D-ala D ala portion of cell wall precursors

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37
Q

vanco tox

A

red man syndrome (pretreat with antihistamines)

nephro/oto tox

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38
Q

aminoclycoside drugs

A

gentmycin
neomycin
tobamycin
streptomycin

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39
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

inhibit formation of initiation complex and causes misreading of mRNA (30S)
needs O2 for uptake, so useless against anareobes

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40
Q

use of aminoglycosides

A

severe gram neg rod infections (synergistic with b lactams)

neomycin used for bowel surgery

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41
Q

tox of aminoglycosides

A

nephrotox
ototox (especially when used with loop diaretics)
tetarogenic

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42
Q

tetracycline MOA

A

binds to 30S and prevents prevent attachment of aminoacyl t-RNA

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43
Q

things not to mix with tetacyclines

A

milk, antiacids, iron containing preperations

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44
Q

uses of tetracyclines

A

lyme
m pneumonia
rickettsia
chlymidia

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45
Q

tox of tetracylcines

A 
GI distress
discoloration of teeth
inhibition of bone growth in kids
photosenstivity
contraindicated in preggers
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46
Q

macrolide drugs

A

azithro
clarithro
erythro

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47
Q

MOA of macrolides

A

blocks translocation at 50S

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48
Q

use of macrolides

A

atypical macrolides
STDs
gram + cocci in penicillin allergy

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49
Q

tox of macrolides

A 
morility issues
prolonged QT
cholestatic hepatitis
Rash
eosonophilla
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50
Q

cholamphenicol MOA

A

blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S

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51
Q

use of cholamphenicol

A

meningitis (esp in developing countries)

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52
Q

tox of cholamphenicol

A

anamia, aplastic anemia, gray baby

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53
Q

clindimycin MOA

A

blocks peptide transfer at 50S

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54
Q

use of clindimycin

A

anerobic infections of the lung , oral infections with anerobes

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55
Q

tox of clindamycin

A

c diff

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56
Q

sulflonamides MOA

A

PABA antimetablites that inhibit dihydropteroate synthase

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57
Q

use of sulfonamadies

A

gram +/- nocardia, chlamydia, simpe UTI (bactrim)

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58
Q

tox of sulfonamadies

A

hypersensitivity
hemolysis in G6PD
nephrotix
displaces warfarin

59
Q

bactrim

A

trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

60
Q

MOA of trimethoprim

A

inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

61
Q

trimethoprim use

A

UTI (Bactrim) shigella, salmonella, PCP

62
Q

trimethoprim tox

A

megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia

63
Q

fluroquinolones

A

-floxacin

64
Q

MOA of fluroquinolones

A

inhibts DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)

65
Q

dont mix fluroquinolones with

A

antacids

66
Q

use of fluroquinolones

A

gram + rods in GI and urinary tract

67
Q

tox of fluroquinolones

A

GI upset
skinrashes
tendon isuses
prolonged QT interval

68
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A

forms free radical metbolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA,

69
Q

use of metronidazole

A

treats giardia, entamoeba, trichamonas, gardinalla, anerobes. (anerobes BELOW the diaphram) C DIFF

Used with PPI for H pylori

70
Q

toxicity of metronazole

A

disuflram-like reaction with EtOH, headache. metallic taste

71
Q

drugs for TBB

A

Rifampin
Isonizid
Pryzinanimide
Ethambutik

72
Q

prophylaxis fr TB

A

isonizid

73
Q

treatment for leprosy

A

daspone and rifampin (clofizimine for leprtomatous form)

74
Q

MOA of isonizid

A

decreased synth of mycolic acid

75
Q

tox of isonizid

A

neuro/hepatotoxicity (prevent lupus and neurotox with B6)

76
Q

MOA of rifampin

A

inhibits DNA independant RNA polymerase

77
Q

tox of rifampin

A

minor hepatotox
increases P450
orange body fluids

78
Q

disadvantage of using rifampin alone

A

rapid resistance

79
Q

pyrazinamide tox

A

hyperuricemia, hapatotox

80
Q

ethambutol MOA

A

lowers carbohydrate polymerizaion of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking aribinosyltransferase

81
Q

ethambutol tox

A

optic neuropathy

82
Q

profylaxis for meninococcal infection

A

cipro

83
Q

profylaxis for for gonnorhhea

A

ceftrioxine

84
Q

profylaxis for for syphillis

A

peniccilin G

85
Q

profylaxis for for recerrent UTI

A

bactrim

86
Q

profylaxis for pregnant woman carrying group B strep

A

oral peniccilin

87
Q

profylaxis for surgical infection due to Staph A

A

cefalozin

88
Q

profylaxis for fir gonoccoccal or chlamydial infection in newborn

A

erythomycin ointment

89
Q

treatnemt for vancomycin resistant enrtococcus

A

linezoild/streptogramins

90
Q

amphotericin B MOA

A

binds ergosterol to form membrane pores allowing leakage of electrolytes

91
Q

use of amphotericin B

A

serious systemic mycoses (supliment with K+ and Mg++)

92
Q

toxicity of amphotericin B

A

fever/chills, hypotension, nephrotox, arrythmias, anemia, (GIVE WITH LOTS OF WATER TO REDUCE NEPHROTOX)

93
Q

nystatin use

A

binds ergosterol to form membrane pores allowing leakage of electrolytes - used topically

94
Q

nystatin use

A

topical mycosis , oral candidiis

95
Q

-azole MOA

A

inhibit fungal sterol synthisis

96
Q

-azole use

A

local and less serious systemic mycoses

97
Q

tox of -azole

A

testerone synth inhibition, liver dysfunction (inhibits cytochrome P450)

98
Q

flucytosine MOA

A

inhibts DNA/RNA synth by conversion to 5-flurouracil with amphotericin B

99
Q

flucytosine tox

A

bone marrow supression

100
Q

-fungin use

A

inhobots cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of B-glucan

101
Q

use of -fungin

A

invasive aspergillosis, candida

102
Q

-fungin tox

A

GI upset, flushing - via hystamine release

103
Q

use for dermaphytoses

A

terbinafine

104
Q

use for superficial mycoses (tinea, ringworm)

A

griseofulvin

105
Q

use for toxoplasmosis

A

pryimethamine

106
Q

use for trypanomas brucei

A

suramin and melarsoprol

107
Q

use for T cruzi

A

nifurtimox

108
Q

use for leishmaniasis

A

sodium stibogluconate

109
Q

MOA of chloroquine

A

blocks detox of heme into hemozoin - heme it toxic to plasmodia

110
Q

use of chloroquine

A

NON faliciparum plasmodial

111
Q

treats faliciparum

A

aremether/lumifantrine or atovaquone/proguamil

112
Q

use for life-threating malaria

A

quinidine

113
Q

use against flukes

A

praziquantel

114
Q

antihelminthics

A

mebendazole, pryantel pamoate, ivermactin, diethylcarbazine, praziquentel

115
Q

zanamivir/oseltamivir use

A

treatment and prevention of influenza A nd B

116
Q

zanamivir/oseltamivir MOA

A

inhibits influenza neuraminidase - decreasing release of progeny virus

117
Q

ribavarin MOA

A

inhibits synthesis of guanidine nucleotiides

118
Q

ribavarin use

A

RSV, chronic hep C

119
Q

tox of ribavarin

A

hemolytic anemia SEVERE TERATOGEN

120
Q

MOA of acylovir MOA

A

inhibits inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

121
Q

use of acylovir

A

HSV and VZV - weak against EBV

122
Q

MOA of gancilovir

A

preferentially inhibits DNA polymerase

123
Q

use of ganciclovir

A

CMV

124
Q

tox of ganciclovir

A

leukopenia, neutopenia, thrombocytopenia, renal tox

125
Q

MOA of foscarnet/cidofovir

A

viral DNA polymerase inhibitor

126
Q

use of foscarnet/cidofovir

A

refractory CMV retinitis

resistant Herpes

127
Q

Tox of foscarnet/cidofovir

A

nephrotox

128
Q

HAART drugs

A

2 NRTIs

1 NNRTI or 1 protease inhibitor or 1 integrease inhibitor

129
Q

protease inhibitor

A

-navir

130
Q

PI MOA

A

inhibits pol gene which cleaves HIV mRNA into useful parts

131
Q

tox of PIs

A

hyperglycemia, GI sx, lipodystrophy, nephropath

132
Q

NRTIs

A

abacavir, zidovudine, tenofovir

133
Q

MOA of NRTI

A

competiviely inhibits nucleotide binding to reverse transcripterase and terminates the DNA chain

134
Q

tox of NRTI

A

bone marrow supression (use G-CSF and erythropeotin), peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, anemia (AZT)

135
Q

NNRTIs

A

nevirapine, efavirenz, delaviradine

136
Q

MOA of NNRTI

A

binds to reverse transcripterase at different site from NRTIs

137
Q

tox of NNRTI

A

bone marrow supression (use G-CSF and erythropeotin), peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, anemia (AZT)

138
Q

intgrease inhibitor/MOA

A

raltegravir/inhibts HIV genome integreation into host cell

139
Q

integrease inhibitor tox

A

hypercholesteremia

140
Q

interferon MOA

A

blocks replication of both RNA/DNA viruses

141
Q

use of interferon

A

alpha - chronic hep B/C
beta - MS
gamma - NADPH oxidase deficncy

142
Q

tox of interferon

A

neutropenia, myopathy

143
Q

antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

A 
sulfanoamides
aminoglycosides
fluroquinalones
clarithromycin
tetreacyclines
ribavarin
griseofulvin
chloramphenicol

BRS - BS/Micro/Genetics/Biochem/Cell Bio (9 decks)

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