MICRO:-BACILLI (NON-FEMENTER GNB Flashcards
Why are these species termed non-fementers?
They cannot ferment glucose or lactose
- Lactose fermentation negative
where do the non-fermenters reside?
They are ubiquitous
- Found in water, plants, decayed matter, soil and food.
Bacteria species which prefer moist niches in hospitals?
Non-fermentative GNB
Bacteria species which highly colonize the immunocompromised hospital patients
Non-fermentative GNB
Sites in patients colonized by the non-fermentative GNBs
-Respiratory
-and Gastro-intestinal tract
Bacteria species isolated from respiratory therapy devices, catheter devices, dialysate fluid, saline
Non-Fermentative GNB
consider they’re found in hospitals
Clinical syndromes from Non-fermentative GNB
Bacteremia, UTI, meningitis, pneumonia, and wound infection
Are resistant to B_lactams and carbapenems
Non-fementors
Do Non-fermentative GNB form spores?
No
Suitable culture or agar for the non-fermentative GNBs
MacConkey agar
just like the fermenters
T/F: Most the non-fermentative GNBs are oxidase positive
True
-Pseudomonas aureginosa
- Burkholderia cepacia
Oxidase negative non-fermentative GNB
-Acinectobacter Baumani
- Bordatella Holmesii
Some of the risk factors for diseases caused by Non-fermentative GNB
-Immunosuppression (diabetes mellitus), trauma (burns, surgery), Foreign body implantation (catheters), Infused fluids ( dialysate, saline irrigation)
Oxidative glucose metabolism. Found in moist environments; survives in hydrotherapy baths, hot tubs, swimming pools, humidifiers
Pseudomonas auriginosa
Contaminates medications and sterile solutions intended for intravenous therapy
Pseudomonas auriginosa
Pseudomonas auriginosa virulence factors
-Toxins ( exotoxins A and S, LPS toxin)
- Enzymes (proteases, phospholipase C)
……..
Pseudomonas auriginosa can be treated with…?
-Aminoglycosides
- 3 and 4th Gen cephalosporins
-carbapenems
-fluoroquinolones
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to…?
Penicillin, ampicillin, 1 and 2nd gen cephalosporin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines
No glucose metabolism at all at all. Not even oxidative glucose metabolism since the species is oxidase negative
Acinetobacter baumannii
A non-fermentative GNB surviving both moist and dry conditions (mechanical ventilator and human skin)
Acinetobacter baumannii
Non-fermentative GNB which is a normal flora of oropharynx of some healthy hosts
Acinetobacter baumannii
Enters body through open wounds, catheters, and breathing tubes.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Colonizes skin, wounds, respiratory and GIT tract
Acinetobacter baumannii
Promotes its transmission through formite contamination in hospitals
Acinetobacter baumannii
Treatment of acinectobacter baumannii
- Aminoglycosides
-B lactams plus B-lactamase inhibitor combinations - 3 and 4th gen cephalosporin
Acinetobacter baumannii is resistant to?…
penicillins, 1 and 2nd gen cephalosporins, fluroquinolones, carbapenems
A low virulence non-fermenter GNB which requires indwelling medical device on compromised host
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Two Non-fermentative GNBs of low virulence which are susceptible only to Bactrim
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- Burkholderia cepacia
A non-fermentative GNB which is a frequent cause of clinically non-significant blood cultures in paediatric and neonatal wards
stenotrophomonas maltophilia
