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BLOCK 1 > MICRO: - BACILLI (FASTIDIOUS GNB) > Flashcards

MICRO: - BACILLI (FASTIDIOUS GNB) Flashcards

1
Q

Why are the fastidious species termed fastidious?

A

They have complex or specific nutritional requirements

  • require increased carbon dioxide environment
  • Special nutrients/ growth factors
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2
Q

When testing for the presence of a fastidious organism, relying on culture alone is not effective because…

A

negative culture results may be false negative

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3
Q

Other options to use other then culture to test for presence of fastidious organism?

A

serology, molecular tests

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4
Q

Shape of fastidious species

A

coccoid or coccobacilli

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5
Q

The smallest of all gram negative bacterias?

A

Fastidous GNB

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6
Q

Why using a microscope on fastidious species may not be appropriate?

A

Fastidious species fail to discolourise completely on the gram stain, they faintly stain

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7
Q

Fastidous GNB are________signaling that they vary in size/shape/ staining

A

pleomorphic

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

The five fastidious GNB species

A

-Haemophilus Influenzae
- HACEK organisms
-Pasteurella species
-Bordetella Pertussis
-Legionella spp
-Capnocytophaga spp.

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10
Q

The name Haemphilus influenza tells us the bacteria is_______

A

Blood loving

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11
Q

A small, pleomorphic coccobacilli or rods species____

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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12
Q

Part of the normal flora of upper respiratory tract in most adults and rarely cause disease

A

Haemophilus influenza

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13
Q

Hemophilus influenza species associated with humans

A
  • H influenzae
  • H ducreyi
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14
Q

how is haemophilus influenza spreads?

A

-Through direct contact
- respiratory secretions/droplets

(note: Does not cause influenza flu)

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15
Q

Major virulence factor of H. Influenzae

A

Polysaccharide Capsule

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15
Q

Important sources of dissemination for H influenzae?

A

-families
- and daycare centres

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16
Q

Other important virulence factors of H influenzae?

A
  • Fimbriae
    -Immunoglubulin A protease
  • Outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide
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17
Q

Which H influenzae strains cause most invasive infection?

A

The encapsulated strains (Type B)

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17
Q

Most common invasive disease from haemophilus influenza encapsulated strains?

A

meningitis

(Pneumonia and bacteremia occur in older children and adult with underlying disease)

18
Q

Invasive diseases from encapsulated H. Influenza strains?

A

Septicemia, meningitis, arthritis, epiglottitis, pneumonia

19
Q

T/F: Non-encapsulated H. Influenza cause invasive disease only on immunocompromised patients.

A

True

20
Q

Non-invasive diseases from non-encapsulated H influenza strains?

A

otitis media, sinusitis, conjuctivitis

21
Q

H. Influenza growth requirements as it’s one of the fastidious spp?

A

Requires growth factors present in RBCs.

X factor (unknown factor)- hemin or hematin
V factor (vitamin)- NAD

  • H influenza requires chocolate agar for recovery of the species from clinical specimens
  • Grow better in CO2
22
Q

Require environment rich in CO for optimum growth

A

-HACEK org

23
Q

Fastidious species forming part of normal human flora of oral cavity

A

HACEK org

24
Q

HACEK are non-invasive oral flora org. Two ill practices can introduce these organisms into your blood stream. These are_____and _____

A
  • Poor dental hygiene
  • Oral surgery
25
Q

T/F: HACEK can cause opportunistic infections on the immunocompromised

A

True

26
Q

The pleomorphic GNB with pibolar staining( ends of the bacilli stain more intensely than the middle).

A

Pasteurella species

27
Q

A fastidious GNB requiring high CO2 , with some species requiring a V factor

A

Pasteurella species

28
Q

The most common Pasteurella species causing disease in human?

A

Pasteurella multocida

29
Q

Where is the Pasteurella multocida found on living organisms? Like its habitat

A

-Mouth /GI and Respiratory tract of healthy animals (esp cats, dogs, horses, cattle etc)

30
Q

How are human infected with Pasteurella multocida?

A

Through animal bites

  • Humans present with skin/soft tissue infection following animal bites.
31
Q

Upon animal bites and infection with Pasteurella multocida. The infection can rarely cause______

A

-Lung abscesses, empyema, septicaemia…

32
Q

Also a tiny gram negative coccobacilli

A

Bordatella pertussis

33
Q

How is Bordatella Pertusis transmitted?

A

Inhalation of highly infectious respiratory droplets—the disesase then colonises the respiratory mucosa

34
Q

Outcome from infection with Bordatella pertusis

A

-Damaged ciliated epithelium from bacterial toxins
-Whooping cough

35
Q

Preferrable daignoses of bordatella pertusis?

A

PCR

36
Q

Preventative strategy of bordatella pertusis

A

Vaccine

37
Q

Fastidious GNB which lives in aquatic bodies- rivers, streams, air conditioner, water coolers?

A

Legionella spp. (L. Pneumophilia)

38
Q

Mode of transmission of legionella spp?

A

Inhalation of contaminated aerosol

39
Q

A fastidious spp which causes pontiac fever, legionnaires disease, a rapidly progressive pneumonia?

A

Legonella spp

40
Q

fastidious species requiring specialised media containing iron and cysteine?
The species is slow growing

A

Legionella spp

41
Q

Diagnoses of Legionella is through?

A

Molecular identification methods: PCR

42
Q

Majority of this species are part of the normal flora of human oral cavity?

A

Capcytophaga spp

43
Q

Thin, spindle shaped GNB with pointed ends, requiring increased CO2 for growth?

A

Capnocytophaga

44
Q

Can cause the sever illness in individuals with asplenia;
And Septicaemia in neutropenic patients

A

encapsulated capnocytophaga

45
Q

Source of oral ulcers?

A

capnocytophaga spp

BLOCK 1 (18 decks)

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