METABOLIC ADAPTATION TO STARVATION

Question 1

Sever consequence or outcome of prolonged starvation

Answer 1

permanent organ damage or death

Question 2

What’s the body’s metabolic response to starvation?

Answer 2

The body goes for body’s energy reserves

Question 3

What’s in the body reserves that is used during starvation?

Answer 3

• glycogen
• fats
• proteins

Question 4

The body needs it for energy regeneration and also for blood glucose maintanance so as to avoid hypoglycemia

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

What are the 3 stages of metabolic starvation?

Answer 5

Stage 1: glycogen stored in the liver and muscles is used to increase blood glucose

Stage 2: (liver and muscle glycogen depleted) Lipids are used for glucose generation in the body

stage 3: (Lipids stored depleted) proteins from muscles and connective tissue are degraded for energy

Question 6

Key biochemical response or process on stage 1 of metabolic starvation?

Answer 6

glycogenolysis

Question 7

Key biochemical response or process on stage 2 and 3 of metabolic starvation?

Answer 7

gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Two biochemical processes which seek to increase blood glucose

Answer 8

• glycogenolysis
• gluconeogenesis

Question 9

Hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas which stimulates glycogenolysis

Answer 9

glucagon

Question 10

hormone from the adrenal gland which stimulates gluconeogenesis

Answer 10

cortisol

Question 11

An enzyme which synthesizes glycogen with the help of hormone insulin

Answer 11

glycogen synthase

Question 12

A hormone which fights by all means to reduce blood glucose

Answer 12

insulin

Question 13

Starvation hormones (Produced when u are starving to maintain blood glucose)

Answer 13

glucagon and cortisol

Question 14

Peripheral proteins in muscles and connective tissue are broken down, and amino acids are released. These amino acids are used as substrates for _______

Answer 14

gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Effect of increased glucagon concentration on lipid metabolism

Answer 15

Increases supply of free fatty acids and glycerol

Question 16

Biochemical effect of decreased insulin concentration on carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 16

• Inhibits glycogen synthase
• Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 17

Biochemical effects of decreased insulin concentration on lipid metabolism

Answer 17

• Increased lipolysis
• Decreased fatty acid synthesis
• Increased mobilization and oxidation of fats for energy

Question 18

Biochemical effect of increased glucagon conc on carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 18

• stimulation of gluconeogenic enzymes (group of enzymes involved in the process of gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors)
• stimulates glycogen phosphorylase (plays a central role in glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate)