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Pathology Buzzwords - Pastpapers > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Returned from holiday with fever, headache and confused

A

Legionella

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2
Q

Hyponatraemic, diarrhoea, abdo pain, just stayed in hotel

A

Legionella

with Hepatitis

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3
Q

Legionella Ix and Mx

A

Urine or serum Ag detection

Macrolides e.g. azithromycin

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4
Q

50yo, LLL pneumonia, haemoptysis, cavitation, gram -ve coccobacilli

A

H. influenzae

Associated with smoking/COPD

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5
Q

Which respiratory infection is more common in

  1. Diabetics
  2. Post influenza
A
  1. S. aureus

2. S. aureus

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6
Q

Silver stain, boat shaped organism, eosinophils in alveoli, dry cough

A

PCP

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7
Q

Man goes to wedding in devon, comes back with pneumonia and confusion

A

Legionella (hyponatraemia –> confusion)

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8
Q

Transplant patient develops pneumonia, halo sign on Xray/CT

A

Aspergillosis

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9
Q

Complement deficiency, septicaemia, rash and arthritis after unprotected sex

A

Disseminated gonorrheoa

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10
Q

Wet slide microscopy

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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11
Q

Gram +ve coccus, Coag neg

A

S. epidermis

S. aureus is coag positive

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12
Q

Gram neg rod
Lactose fermenting

Name 2

A

E coli

Klebsiella

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13
Q

UTI ass with renal calculus

A

Proteus

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14
Q

Excess ammonia –> what type of renal stones?

A

Phosphate stones

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15
Q

Rotavirus vs norovirus

A

Rota:

  • young children or old adults
  • lasts for 1 week
  • D&V and dehydration

Noro:

  • Adults and children
  • Similar presentation but for 2-3 days
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16
Q

Diarrhoea after BBQ

  1. Potential organisms
  2. Ix
A
  1. Salmonella/shigella

2. Stool culture

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17
Q

MSM is abroad hiking, severe flatulence, foul smelling stool, steatorrhoea, cysts, pear shaped trophozoite

A

Giardia

Do stool microscopy and immunoassay to diagnose

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18
Q

Post surgery boil on legs, not responding to fluclox etc.

A

MRSA –> vanc/teico

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19
Q

MSSA with penicillin allergy

A

Macrolide e.g. erythromycin OR 3rd gen cephalosporin (but DO NOT use a ceph during acute penicillin reaction i.e. rash still present)

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20
Q

Psuedomonas Abx

A

Tazocin
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin, tobramycin
Ceftazidime

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21
Q

Good for pseudomonas bad for anaerobes

A

Ciprofloxacin

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22
Q

Macrolide antibiotic from atypical pneumonias

A

Azithromycin

But lecture says Erythromycin or Clarithromycin

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23
Q

Jaundice, seizures, intracranial calcification in neonate, what antenatal infection?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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24
Q

STI can cross placenta 3rd trimester

A

Syphilis

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25
If caught in first 20 weeks of pregnancy it can cause hydrops fetalis
Parvovirus B19
26
If mother is highly infectious it requires rapid vaccination and immunoglobulins at birth
Hep B
27
Cataracts, sensorineural deafness, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia
Rubella
28
Antenatal infection which MAY be initially asymptomatic but can have long term sequelae
CMV
29
Haemorrhagic cystitis in kids
Adenovirus
30
PTLD virus
EBV
31
PML virus
JC virus
32
Molluscum contagiosum virus
Pox virus
33
Skin infection with son with sore throat
Strep pyogenes
34
Child has red oedematous rash on face then nasal bridge then spread
Erysipelas (?) - strep pyogenes
35
Painless ulcer on finger after trip to Afghanistan 1. Condition 2. Bugs 3. Vector
1. Cutaneous Leishmania 2. L.major, L.tropica 3. Sandfly
36
Diarrhoea, sweating, tenesmus, RUQ abscess, flask shaped ulcer on microscopy
Entamoeba Histolytica
37
Comma shaped, oxidase positive, bloody smelly diarrhoea
Campylobacter
38
Abdo pain, fever, no diarrhoea, constipation, rose spots, gram negative
Salmonella
39
Sandflies
Leishmaniasis
40
Fever, headache, shakes, confusion, just been to Tanzania
Malaria (falciparum)
41
Treponome specific Ab test (type of microscopy)
Dark-field / dark-ground
42
UTI with gram +ve cocci
Staph Saprophyticus
43
Grey film over epiglottis
Diphtheria
44
Maculopapular rash starts on face and spreads to trunk
measles
45
Virus that replicates in pharynx and GIT
Polio
46
Antiviral for severe RS bronchiolitis
Ribavirin Rsv, Ribavirin
47
Flu antiviral
Oseltamavir
48
Can enterovirus cause damage antenatally?
Yes
49
Vector for Trypsanoma Brucei Rhodensiense
Tsetse fly Causes African Trypsanomiasis
50
Man eats chicken and gets foul smelling bloody diarrhoea with abdo cramps
Campylobacter
51
Most common UTI organism in pregnant women
E coli
52
Urease-producing organism ass. with renal stones
Proteus proteuS Stones
53
Catheter associated UTIs
S. epidermis
54
26 year old cuts leg shaving, 2 days later she presents with a well demarcated area of induration and erythema surrounding the wound - organism?
S. aureus
55
34 year old farmer/gardener cuts his leg whilst working, 3 days later presents to A&E with grossly oedematous leg that is discoloured with multiple necrotic bullae - organism?
Clostridium perfringens
56
6 year old girl presents with a well demarcated erythematous rash of her face in the nasolabial distribution - organism?
Strep pyogenes --> Erisypelas
57
Cysts on microscopy (lung infection)
PCP
58
Legionella diagnostic test
Urine Antigen Test
59
Listeria microscopy
V/L shaped, tumbling motility
60
Bloody travellers diarrhoea, anaemia and low platelets
HUS
61
Which GI infections have superantigens?
S. aureus B. cereus C. diff C. perfringens
62
African farming
Leptospirosis. From cat urine
63
CSF: high protein, normal glucose, lymphocytes
Viral meningitis e.g. HSV
64
CSF: high protein, low glucose, lymphocytes
TB
65
CSF: high protein, low glucose, neutrophils
Bacterial
66
Chancroid
``` Haemophilus ducreyi (on choc agar) Painful ulcer, unilateral LNpathy ```
67
Mild CAP treatmetn
Amoxicillin
68
Severe CAP treatmetn
Co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin
69
Staph aureus resistant to ß-lactamase treatment
Vancomycin/Teicoplanin (MRSA)
70
adynophagia meaning
painful swallowing
71
EBV on blood film and special test
Atypical lymphocytes | Positive monospot test
72
Oseltamavir target
NA on influenza
73
Hep B treatment
IFNa
74
Acyclovir (MoA and use)
Guanosine | HSV, VZV, EBV
75
Light and dark spots on body | Spag with meatballs on microscopy
Pitoriasis versicolour (malassezia furfur)
76
Zoonoses from animals and dairy
Brucellosis
77
Ticks and macpap rash
Rickettsia
78
Rocky Mt Spotted fever
Rickettsia
79
Negribodies
Rabies
80
Lowen Jensen Culture
TB --> Brown granular
81
Pneumonia in alcoholics (+ list two more features)
Klebsiella | Cavitation + haemoptysis
82
GI infection which attaches to bowel but does not invade --> malnutrition, bloating, weight loss
Giardia
83
Crusty ulcer and LNpathy after walking on the beach
Leishmania (cutaneous) Leishmania major/tropica Sandflies are vector
84
Kala azar
Visceral leishmania (fever and splenomegaly)
85
Presentation like cutaneous leishmania but with mouth ulcers too (later) 1. Name 2. Pathogen
Muco-cutaneous Leishmania | L. braziliensis
86
Leishmanias are what type of organism
Protozoa
87
Visceral Leishmania pathogens
donovania, chagasi and infantum
88
Septic arthritis pathogen
Gon > chlam < past paper answer (maybe for STI) But lecture says Staph Aureus followed by streptococci
89
sCJD vs vCJD
sCJD - 14-3-3 in CSF - Neuro mainly - old humans vCJD - tonsillar biopsy - psych before neuro - younger humans
90
HBeAg
Infectivitz
91
HBsAg
acute or chronic
92
Anti-HBc (HBcAb) IgM
Acutely infected
93
HBcAb IgG
Chronic infection
94
HBsAb (anti-HBs)
Recovered from natural infection | If all others negative = vaccinated
95
Vancomycin side effect
Red man syndrome (and only has gram +ve cover and MRSA) | Consider when treating C diff
96
C. diff protocol
Metronidazole 10-14 days (two trials before moving onto vancomycin 10-14d)
97
P. falciparum on blood film
Maurer's cleft
98
Kinyoun acid fast stain
Cryptosporidium parvum | Associated with chronic diarrhoea in immunocompromised
99
viral infection causing rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Hep B

Pathology Buzzwords - Pastpapers (7 decks)

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