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Pathology Buzzwords - Pastpapers > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Returned from holiday with fever, headache and confused

A

Legionella

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2
Q

Hyponatraemic, diarrhoea, abdo pain, just stayed in hotel

A

Legionella

with Hepatitis

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3
Q

Legionella Ix and Mx

A

Urine or serum Ag detection

Macrolides e.g. azithromycin

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4
Q

50yo, LLL pneumonia, haemoptysis, cavitation, gram -ve coccobacilli

A

H. influenzae

Associated with smoking/COPD

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5
Q

Which respiratory infection is more common in

  1. Diabetics
  2. Post influenza
A
  1. S. aureus

2. S. aureus

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6
Q

Silver stain, boat shaped organism, eosinophils in alveoli, dry cough

A

PCP

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7
Q

Man goes to wedding in devon, comes back with pneumonia and confusion

A

Legionella (hyponatraemia –> confusion)

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8
Q

Transplant patient develops pneumonia, halo sign on Xray/CT

A

Aspergillosis

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9
Q

Complement deficiency, septicaemia, rash and arthritis after unprotected sex

A

Disseminated gonorrheoa

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10
Q

Wet slide microscopy

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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11
Q

Gram +ve coccus, Coag neg

A

S. epidermis

S. aureus is coag positive

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12
Q

Gram neg rod
Lactose fermenting

Name 2

A

E coli

Klebsiella

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13
Q

UTI ass with renal calculus

A

Proteus

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14
Q

Excess ammonia –> what type of renal stones?

A

Phosphate stones

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15
Q

Rotavirus vs norovirus

A

Rota:

  • young children or old adults
  • lasts for 1 week
  • D&V and dehydration

Noro:

  • Adults and children
  • Similar presentation but for 2-3 days
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16
Q

Diarrhoea after BBQ

  1. Potential organisms
  2. Ix
A
  1. Salmonella/shigella

2. Stool culture

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17
Q

MSM is abroad hiking, severe flatulence, foul smelling stool, steatorrhoea, cysts, pear shaped trophozoite

A

Giardia

Do stool microscopy and immunoassay to diagnose

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18
Q

Post surgery boil on legs, not responding to fluclox etc.

A

MRSA –> vanc/teico

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19
Q

MSSA with penicillin allergy

A

Macrolide e.g. erythromycin OR 3rd gen cephalosporin (but DO NOT use a ceph during acute penicillin reaction i.e. rash still present)

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20
Q

Psuedomonas Abx

A

Tazocin
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin, tobramycin
Ceftazidime

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21
Q

Good for pseudomonas bad for anaerobes

A

Ciprofloxacin

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22
Q

Macrolide antibiotic from atypical pneumonias

A

Azithromycin

But lecture says Erythromycin or Clarithromycin

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23
Q

Jaundice, seizures, intracranial calcification in neonate, what antenatal infection?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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24
Q

STI can cross placenta 3rd trimester

A

Syphilis

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25
Q

If caught in first 20 weeks of pregnancy it can cause hydrops fetalis

A

Parvovirus B19

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26
Q

If mother is highly infectious it requires rapid vaccination and immunoglobulins at birth

A

Hep B

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27
Q

Cataracts, sensorineural deafness, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia

A

Rubella

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28
Q

Antenatal infection which MAY be initially asymptomatic but can have long term sequelae

A

CMV

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29
Q

Haemorrhagic cystitis in kids

A

Adenovirus

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30
Q

PTLD virus

A

EBV

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31
Q

PML virus

A

JC virus

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32
Q

Molluscum contagiosum virus

A

Pox virus

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33
Q

Skin infection with son with sore throat

A

Strep pyogenes

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34
Q

Child has red oedematous rash on face then nasal bridge then spread

A

Erysipelas (?) - strep pyogenes

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35
Q

Painless ulcer on finger after trip to Afghanistan

  1. Condition
  2. Bugs
  3. Vector
A
  1. Cutaneous Leishmania
  2. L.major, L.tropica
  3. Sandfly
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36
Q

Diarrhoea, sweating, tenesmus, RUQ abscess, flask shaped ulcer on microscopy

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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37
Q

Comma shaped, oxidase positive, bloody smelly diarrhoea

A

Campylobacter

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38
Q

Abdo pain, fever, no diarrhoea, constipation, rose spots, gram negative

A

Salmonella

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39
Q

Sandflies

A

Leishmaniasis

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40
Q

Fever, headache, shakes, confusion, just been to Tanzania

A

Malaria (falciparum)

41
Q

Treponome specific Ab test (type of microscopy)

A

Dark-field / dark-ground

42
Q

UTI with gram +ve cocci

A

Staph Saprophyticus

43
Q

Grey film over epiglottis

A

Diphtheria

44
Q

Maculopapular rash starts on face and spreads to trunk

A

measles

45
Q

Virus that replicates in pharynx and GIT

A

Polio

46
Q

Antiviral for severe RS bronchiolitis

A

Ribavirin

Rsv, Ribavirin

47
Q

Flu antiviral

A

Oseltamavir

48
Q

Can enterovirus cause damage antenatally?

A

Yes

49
Q

Vector for Trypsanoma Brucei Rhodensiense

A

Tsetse fly

Causes African Trypsanomiasis

50
Q

Man eats chicken and gets foul smelling bloody diarrhoea with abdo cramps

A

Campylobacter

51
Q

Most common UTI organism in pregnant women

A

E coli

52
Q

Urease-producing organism ass. with renal stones

A

Proteus

proteuS Stones

53
Q

Catheter associated UTIs

A

S. epidermis

54
Q

26 year old cuts leg shaving, 2 days later she presents with a well demarcated area of induration and erythema surrounding the wound - organism?

A

S. aureus

55
Q

34 year old farmer/gardener cuts his leg whilst working, 3 days later presents to A&E with grossly oedematous leg that is discoloured with multiple necrotic bullae - organism?

A

Clostridium perfringens

56
Q

6 year old girl presents with a well demarcated erythematous rash of her face in the nasolabial distribution - organism?

A

Strep pyogenes –> Erisypelas

57
Q

Cysts on microscopy (lung infection)

A

PCP

58
Q

Legionella diagnostic test

A

Urine Antigen Test

59
Q

Listeria microscopy

A

V/L shaped, tumbling motility

60
Q

Bloody travellers diarrhoea, anaemia and low platelets

A

HUS

61
Q

Which GI infections have superantigens?

A

S. aureus
B. cereus
C. diff
C. perfringens

62
Q

African farming

A

Leptospirosis. From cat urine

63
Q

CSF: high protein, normal glucose, lymphocytes

A

Viral meningitis e.g. HSV

64
Q

CSF: high protein, low glucose, lymphocytes

A

TB

65
Q

CSF: high protein, low glucose, neutrophils

A

Bacterial

66
Q

Chancroid

A 
Haemophilus ducreyi (on choc agar)
Painful ulcer, unilateral LNpathy
67
Q

Mild CAP treatmetn

A

Amoxicillin

68
Q

Severe CAP treatmetn

A

Co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin

69
Q

Staph aureus resistant to ß-lactamase treatment

A

Vancomycin/Teicoplanin (MRSA)

70
Q

adynophagia meaning

A

painful swallowing

71
Q

EBV on blood film and special test

A

Atypical lymphocytes

Positive monospot test

72
Q

Oseltamavir target

A

NA on influenza

73
Q

Hep B treatment

A

IFNa

74
Q

Acyclovir (MoA and use)

A

Guanosine

HSV, VZV, EBV

75
Q

Light and dark spots on body

Spag with meatballs on microscopy

A

Pitoriasis versicolour (malassezia furfur)

76
Q

Zoonoses from animals and dairy

A

Brucellosis

77
Q

Ticks and macpap rash

A

Rickettsia

78
Q

Rocky Mt Spotted fever

A

Rickettsia

79
Q

Negribodies

A

Rabies

80
Q

Lowen Jensen Culture

A

TB –> Brown granular

81
Q

Pneumonia in alcoholics (+ list two more features)

A

Klebsiella

Cavitation + haemoptysis

82
Q

GI infection which attaches to bowel but does not invade –> malnutrition, bloating, weight loss

A

Giardia

83
Q

Crusty ulcer and LNpathy after walking on the beach

A

Leishmania (cutaneous)
Leishmania major/tropica
Sandflies are vector

84
Q

Kala azar

A

Visceral leishmania (fever and splenomegaly)

85
Q

Presentation like cutaneous leishmania but with mouth ulcers too (later)

  1. Name
  2. Pathogen
A

Muco-cutaneous Leishmania

L. braziliensis

86
Q

Leishmanias are what type of organism

A

Protozoa

87
Q

Visceral Leishmania pathogens

A

donovania, chagasi and infantum

88
Q

Septic arthritis pathogen

A

Gon > chlam < past paper answer (maybe for STI)

But lecture says Staph Aureus followed by streptococci

89
Q

sCJD vs vCJD

A

sCJD

  • 14-3-3 in CSF
  • Neuro mainly
  • old humans

vCJD

  • tonsillar biopsy
  • psych before neuro
  • younger humans
90
Q

HBeAg

A

Infectivitz

91
Q

HBsAg

A

acute or chronic

92
Q

Anti-HBc (HBcAb) IgM

A

Acutely infected

93
Q

HBcAb IgG

A

Chronic infection

94
Q

HBsAb (anti-HBs)

A

Recovered from natural infection

If all others negative = vaccinated

95
Q

Vancomycin side effect

A

Red man syndrome (and only has gram +ve cover and MRSA)

Consider when treating C diff

96
Q

C. diff protocol

A

Metronidazole 10-14 days (two trials before moving onto vancomycin 10-14d)

97
Q

P. falciparum on blood film

A

Maurer’s cleft

98
Q

Kinyoun acid fast stain

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

Associated with chronic diarrhoea in immunocompromised

99
Q

viral infection causing rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

A

Hep B

Pathology Buzzwords - Pastpapers (7 decks)

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