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Pathology Buzzwords - Pastpapers > Histopath > Flashcards

Histopath Flashcards

1
Q

Oesophageal cancer with reflux, mass 35 cm down

A

Adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

Oesophageal cancer with smoking and alcohol 20 cm down

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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3
Q

what happens to the body of the stomach in a patient with pernicious anaemia

A

Atrophy

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4
Q

Most common breast malignancy

A

Invasive ductal

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5
Q

Loss/lack of E-Cadherin

A

Lobular carcinoma or LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ).

LCIS is incidental finding on biopsy. can become Invasive lobular

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6
Q

Fibroepithelial tumour with stromal elements (breast)

A

Phylloides

(can also be fibroadenoma tho apparently)

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7
Q

Woman with progressive amnesia who has developed bronchopneumona (CVS EMQ)

A

??multiple cortical infarts

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8
Q

Pain at the END of micturition + loin to groin pain

A

Renal calculi

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9
Q

Man with AF develops fever, N&V, and pain in right loin

A

Renal infarct (AF-> clots)

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10
Q

Cancer with keratin and intercellular bridges (desmosomes)

A

SCC

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11
Q

Transitional cancer - which organ?

A

Bladder

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12
Q

OvCa - most common + psammoma bodies

A

Serous cystadenoma

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13
Q

Sarcoidosis changes in LNs

A

Granulomas (non-caeseating)

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14
Q

What is deposited in kidneys in Multiple Myeloma?

A

AL amyloid or IgG light chains

(AL - L=light chain)

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15
Q

What material is seen in the vessel of a paitent with an MI due to burst atheroma? (embolus/thrombus/atheromatous plaque)

A

Thrombus

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16
Q

What would you see in scar 1 week post op?

A

Granulation tissue (?)

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17
Q

54 yo, fever, weakness, hyperCa, painless haematuria

A

RCC

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18
Q

Pain at end of micturition and fever

A

UTI

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19
Q

Bilateral oedema, oliguria, ,red cell casts

A

Nephritic syndrome

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20
Q

Kidney changes in T1DM

A

Renal sclerosis

My notes say:

Diffuse glomerular basement membrane thickening

Mesangial matrix nodules – aka Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules

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21
Q

Radiosensitive cancer of the testicle in young man + white/smooth appearance

A

Seminoma

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22
Q

Bladder cancer + schistosomiasis

A

SCC

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23
Q

Breast: 55yo, bloody nipple discharge, branching fibrovascular cores, bland epithelium

A

Duct papilloma (AKA Intraductal papilloma) - benign

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24
Q

Artichoke like breast lump

A

Phyllodes

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25
Q

Stellate pattern of glandular tissue surrounding central scar

A

Radial scar (resembles carcinoma on mammogram)

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26
Q

Keritanizing squamous epithelium in smokers breast

A

Periductal masitits (not lactation related)

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27
Q

Multiparous, thick white secretions from nipples

A

Duct ectasia

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28
Q

Breast mass, aspirate brown fluid, cysts

A

Fibrocystic disease

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29
Q

red, roughened, ulcerated nipple

A

Paget’s of the nipple

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30
Q

Microcalcifications of mammography

A

DCIS

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31
Q

Sheets of atypical cells with lymphocytic infiltrate (breast)

A

Basal like carcinoma

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32
Q

Lung cancer with paraneoplastic syndromes (e.g. ACTH)

A

Small cell carcinoma

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33
Q

Plumber, thickened pleura

A

mesothelioma

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34
Q

ship worker pleural plaques

A

asbestos

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35
Q

red rusty sputum

A

strep pneumonia

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36
Q

Pattern of lung injury in a1at deficiency

A

emphysema (often in non smokers)

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37
Q

Aggressive LCa responds to chemo

A

Small cell

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38
Q

Common in women and non-smokers (Lung ca)

A

Adenocarcinoma

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39
Q

Smokers + SIADH

A

Small cell lung cancer

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40
Q

Mutations in lung cancer: KRAS

A

adeno or squamous = poor prognosis, do not respond to TKI

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41
Q

Mutations in lung cancer: EML4-ALK

A

adenocarcinoma

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42
Q

Mutations in lung cancer: EGFR

A

adenocarcinoma

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43
Q

Mutations in lung cancer: ERCC1

A

NSCLC - poorer response to cisplatin

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44
Q

Howships lacunae associated with which cell

A

Osteoclasts

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45
Q

20yo with lytic lesion in the diaphsis of his leg - the pain is alleviated by aspirin

A

Osteoid Osteoma

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46
Q

Liver ANA pos with lymphocytic infiltrate

A

AI hepatitis

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47
Q

PBC

A

AMA+, cirrhosis, high ALP, granulomas, A/W autoimmune conditions

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48
Q

PSC

A

Beaded appearance, UC, onion skin fibrosis, can progress to cholangiocarcinoma

49
Q

Lowe GI polyps not associated with cancer risk

A

Hamartomatous (also seen in Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome )

50
Q

84yo woman, acute cramp like abdo pain, oedematous thickening of bowel wall, areas of necrotic ulceration confined to mucosal layers, AF

A

Ischaemic colitis (often in watershed areas i.e. rectosigmoid or splenic flexure)

51
Q

Signet ring cell cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma –> tends to be gastric (lower GI)

52
Q

Krukenberg

A

Signet ring cell carcinoma from stomach in ovaries

53
Q

Pernicious anaemia associated with what cancer

A

Gastric cancer (?MALT)

54
Q

Cancer of the pancreatic duct

A

Ductal adenocarcinoma

55
Q

Pancreatitis and IgG deposition

A

AI Pancreatits

56
Q

Rare pancreas tumour in children

A

Pancreatoblastoma

57
Q

Mass following acure pancreatitis

A

Pseudocyst

58
Q

Chronic pancreatitis macro sign on laparoscopy

A

White specks around and on pancreas

59
Q

Young psych then motor

A

Variant CJD

60
Q

B amyloid plaques

A

AD

61
Q

Epileptic, freckles, optic nerve tumour, bumps on skin

A

NF1

62
Q

Mass under dura mater compressing parietal lobe

A

Meningioma

63
Q

Capillary loops surrounded by epithelial cells

A

AV malformation

64
Q

HIV, raised ICP, new onset epilepsy

A

Cryptococcus/toxoplasmosis

65
Q

Raised AFP testicular tumour

A

Teratoma (germ cell tumours) - are CHEMOsensitive

66
Q

Painless ulcer, snail track ulcers in mouth

A

Syphilis

67
Q

Thyroid cancer with RET mutation

A

Medullary

68
Q

Calcitonin staining thyroid

A

Medullary (+MEN2+Parafollicular C cells)

69
Q

Cystic lesion with papillary architecture/clear cytoplasm in thyroid

A

Papillary

70
Q

Tumour which secretes oestrogen

A

Granulosa-theca cell tumour

71
Q

Fibroma (Ovarian) association

A

Meig’s syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion)

72
Q

Thorotrast exposure

A

Liver or other cancers Old school carcinogen from past paper

73
Q

Signet ring = What class of cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

74
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s (they are aggregates of tau protein)

75
Q

Types of endometrial cancer

A

Endometrioid (80%) - the classic one related to oestrogen excess Non-endometrioid (20%) - papillary/serous/clear cell - more aggressive than endometrioid - unrelated to estrogen, usually in elderly women with endometrial atrophy

76
Q

Nutmeg liver 1. underlying disease 2. other associated sign

A

R sided heart failure Haemosiderin macrophages in lungs

77
Q

What is Dressler syndrome? (+3 signs and timing)

A

4 weeks post MI Fever, pericardial rub, chest pain

78
Q

Oat cell

A

Small cell carcinoma

79
Q

Non-caseating granulomas

A

Crohn’s

80
Q

Hamartomatous polyps with extraintestinal features 1. name of syndrome 2. What are some extraintestinal features?

A
  1. Peutz-Jagher’s Syndrome 2. Pigmented lesions around mouth and increased cancer risk
81
Q

Parkinsons and personality changes. Stains with Rhodanine.

A

Wilson’s

82
Q

Aflatoxin

A

HCC

83
Q

Prussian blue stain

A

Haemochromatosis

84
Q

Brown-red warty leasion with sandpaper like consistensy

A

Actinic Keratosis

85
Q

Goodpastures on renal microscopy

A

Crescents

86
Q

rhabdo leads to what in the kidneys?

A

Acute renal failure by acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

87
Q

Nerve impingement and heart failure with raised ALP

A

Paget’s

88
Q

Lytic/lucent lesions, knee

A

Giant cell tumour

89
Q

Bone pain and looser’s zones (pseudofractures)

A

Osteomalacia

90
Q

McCune Albright Syndrome

A

Cafe au lait, precocious puberty, fibrous dysplasia

91
Q

Non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis 1. age 2. characteristics 3. Associations

A
  1. Over 40s 2. no inflamm or infection 3. Malignancy and thromboembolism
92
Q

Which part doe h pylori most severely affect?

A

The pyloric antrum

93
Q

Intrapancreatic calculi and fibrosis

A

Chronic pancreatitis

94
Q

Enchondroma

A

Hands and feets (the ends) Cotton wool calcification Hyaline cartilage affected ass with Ollier’s and Maffuci’s syndromes

95
Q

Osteochondroma 1. other name 2. what is it?

A
  1. exostosis 2. Like osteoma but with cartilagenous cap and in long bones (cause longer name) Popcorn calcification/Mushroom appearance
96
Q

Periodic acid schiff stain

A

a1 antitrypsin deficiency

97
Q

Codman’s triangle and sunburst appearance

A

Osteosarcoma In teenagers around the knee with high ALP

98
Q

Comminuted fracture (other names)

A

Splintered fracture (or segmental)

99
Q

White cell casts in urine

A

Pyelonephritis

100
Q

Benign, blood stained nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papilloma

101
Q

Pauci-immune crescent GN

A

Does not have anti-GBM or immune complex Is associated with Wegeners (ANCA) and vasculitis which can cause pulmonary haemorrhage and rash

102
Q

Gene mutated in Wilson’s disease and chromosome and mode of inheritance

A

ATP7B Chromosome 13 Autosomal recessive

103
Q

Gene mutated in haemochromatosis and chromosome and mode of inheritance

A

HFE gene Chromosome 6 Autosomal recessive

104
Q

Layer of hepatocytes immediately bordering the portal triad

A

Limiting plate

105
Q

cribriform areas with seemingly “punched out holes” suggesting 4 times the risk of developing breast cancer

A

Flat epithelial atypia earliest morphological precursor to DCIS

106
Q

familial adenomatous polyposis 1. mode of inheritance and gene defect 2. type of polyp

A
  1. autosomal dominant of APC tumour suppressor gene 2. tubular adenoma
107
Q

FAP with extra intestinal features: name and features

A
  1. Gardner’s syndrome 2. Osteomas and skin bumps (epidermoid cysts)
108
Q

HNPCC: mode of inheritance and gene involved

A

aka Lynch Syndrome Autosomal dominant mutation in DNA mismatch-repair gene. Increased risk of colon, endometrial, prostate cancer

109
Q

Soap bubble osteolysis, Shepherd’s crook deformity Chinese Letters on histology

A

Fibrous dysplasia

110
Q

Fluffy calcification, axial skeleton

A

Chondrosarcoma

111
Q

Onion skinning periosteum

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma

112
Q

NOD2/CARD15, what is it found in?

A

Chron’s disease

113
Q

What liver enzyme is raised in MI?

A

AST

114
Q

Apthous ulcers

A

Chron’s disease

(though myabe UC)

115
Q

Atrophic gastritis in pyloric body/fundus

A

Pernicious anaemia

116
Q

Most common type of malignany in breast

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma (accounts for 75-80% of all breast cancer) > DCIS is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer.

117
Q

Which/What cancer is also known as non-specific type?

A

Invasive ductal

118
Q

Cancer which has a high, medium and low stage to it

A

DCIS

Pathology Buzzwords - Pastpapers (7 decks)

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