Micro

Question 1

Herpesviruses

Answer 1

Enveloped (from nuc membrane), dsDNA, linear HSV-1, 2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6/7: roseola (exanthem subitum), HHV-8 (kaposi sarcoma)

Question 2

Hepadnavirus

Answer 2

Enveloped, partially DS and circular

Question 3

HBV

Answer 3

Hepadnavirus (enveloped, circular DNA)

Question 4

Adenovirus

Answer 4

Naked, linear dsDNA Febrile pharyngitis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis

Question 5

Parvovirus

Answer 5

naked, ssDNA (-) B19, Aplastic crises, slapped cheeks: erythema infectiosum (fifth dz)

Question 6

Papillomavirus

Answer 6

Naked, circular dsDNA HPV

Question 7

Polyomavirus

Answer 7

Naked circular dsDNA JC virus: PML in HIV BK virus: transplants, kidney

Question 8

Poxvirus

Answer 8

Enveloped, dsDNA, linear (largest DNA virus) Smallpox, cowpox, molluscum contagiosum

Question 9

Positive stranded RNA viruses:

Answer 9

Retro Toga Flavi Corona Hepe Calici Picorna

Question 10

Nonenveloped RNA:

Answer 10

Calici, Picorna, Reo (dsRNA), Hepe

Question 11

Rotavirus

Answer 11

Reovirus, linear dsRNA, naked, icosahedral, 10-12 segments

Question 12

Picornavirus

Answer 12

Poliovirus Echovirus - aseptic meningitis Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis, herpangina, HFMD, myocarditis, pericarditis HAV PERCH on a pic

Question 13

Hepatitis E

Answer 13

Hepevirus linear +ssRNA, naked, icosahedral

Question 14

Norovirus

Answer 14

Calicivirus Naked, +ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

Question 15

Flaviviruses:

Answer 15

Enveloped, +ssRNA, linear, icosahedral HCV Yellow fever Dengue St. Louis encephalitis West Nile Virus

Question 16

Togaviruses:

Answer 16

enveloped, +ssRNA, linear, Icosahedral Rubella Eastern/Western equine encephalitis

Question 17

Retroviruses

Answer 17

enveloped, +ssRNA, linear, have RT HTLV: icosahedral, T-cell leukemia HIV: complex, conical

Question 18

Coronaviruses

Answer 18

enveloped, +ssRNA, linear, helical SARS, common cold

Question 19

Influenza

Answer 19

Orthomyxo, -ssRNA, linear, 8 segments, helical

Question 20

Paramyxoviruses

Answer 20

Enveloped, -ssRNA, linear, helical All contain surface F protein, causes resp epithel cells to fuse and form multinuc cells Parainfluenza - croup RSV - bronchiolitis tx: ribavirin, pneumonia - palivizumab is MAb against F protein, prevents in preme Measles, Mumps

Question 21

Rhabdoviruses

Answer 21

enveloped, -ssRNA, linear, helical

Question 22

Filoviruses

Answer 22

enveloped, -ssRNA, linear, helical Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever, often fatal

Question 23

Arenaviruses

Answer 23

enveloped, -ssRNA, circular, 2 segments, helical LCMV

Question 24

Bunyaviruses

Answer 24

enveloped, -ssRNA, circular, 3 segments, helical California encephalitis, hantavirus

Question 25

HDV

Answer 25

Deltavirus Enveloped, -ssRNA, circular, requires HBV coinfection

Question 26

Negative stranded RNA viruses:

Answer 26

FAB PRO Filo, arena, bunya, paramyxo, rhabdo, orthomyxo Must transcribe - to +, brings its own RNA-dep RNA polymerase

Question 27

Segmented viruses:

Answer 27

BOAR RNA viruses, Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo

Question 28

Rubella

Answer 28

Togavirus, Naked, linear +ssRNA High fever, post. auricular LA, fine rash starts on face, spread centrifugally TORCHES infection: blueberry muffin baby b/c extramedullary hematopoiesis

Question 29

Roseola:

Answer 29

HHV-6, sometimes 7 High fevers, can cause seizures, followed by diffuse macular rash, starts on trunk, spreads peripherally

Question 30

Left off at Measles pg 164

Answer 30

sgadfg

Question 31

Which bugs make a toxin that ADP-ribosylate EF-2?

Answer 31

Diptheria (DT) and Pseudomonas (Exotoxin A) Both AB toxins, block protein synth (G+ & G-)

Question 32

Which bugs make toxin that overactivates adenylate cyclase?

Answer 32

**ETEC** - heat LABILE toxin Cholera - permanently activates Gs **Pertussis**: ADP ribosylates Gi, disables it - impairs phagocytosis Increase cAMP, causing Cl- secretion and H2O efflux in gut. All AB toxins

Question 33

How do Shiga and Shiga-like toxin function?

Answer 33

Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA Both AB toxins, block protein synthesis **ST** --\> GI mucosal damage --\> dysentery **ST and SL**T both enhance cytokine release, --\> HUS EHEC does NOT invade host cells

Question 34

Which bug has a PRP capsule?

Answer 34

Hib

Question 35

Picorna Viruses: charact/imp ones

Answer 35

ss + linear naked RNA, PERCH on a Pic Polio Echo (aseptic meningitis) Rhinovirus Coxsackie (aseptic meningitis, herpangina, HFMD, myocarditis, pericarditis) HAV

Question 36

Catalase positive orgs:

Answer 36

PLACESS for cats Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia

Question 37

Encapsulated orgs:

Answer 37

SHiNE SKiS Strep pneumoniae, H influenzae B, Neisseria meningitidis, E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, group B Strep

Question 38

Spirochetes

Answer 38

BLT Borrelia (big), Leptospira, Treponema

Question 39

B anthracis toxin:

Answer 39

Trimeric exotoxin containing: **Protective antigen** - translocates both toxins into the cell, necessary for funtion **Edema factor** - mimics adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP and increase fluid secretion --\> edematous borders of black eschar **Lethal Factor** - zinc-dependent protease, inhibits MAPK signaling --\> apoptosis and multisystem physiologic disruption

Question 40

Which bacterium has a polypeptide capsule (D-glutamate)?

Answer 40

B. anthracis G+ spore forming rod

Question 41

Pertussis toxin

Answer 41

Pertussis toxin: ADP-ribosylates Gi, which increases cAMP --\> edema and impairs phagocytosis

Question 42

C. dif toxins

Answer 42

**Toxin A**: enterotoxin, binds brush border of gut. Recruits and activates neutrophils --\> cytokine release that causes mucosal inflamm, fluid loss, diarrhea **Toxin B**: cytotoxin, induces actin depolymerization --\> mucosal cell death, bowel wall necrosis, and pseudomembrane formation PCR detection of toxin genes for diagnosis!

Question 43

Genes for bacterial toxins in lysogenic phage:

Answer 43

SLT Botox Cholera Diptheria toxin Erythrogenic toxin of GAS (BCDES)

Question 44

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 44

G- rod, stains poorly use **silver stain** Charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine detect Ag via urine EIA Legionanaires disease: severe pneumonia, fever w/ relative bradycardia, GI - watery diarrhea, CNS sx, hyponatremia

Question 45

Leptospira interrogans

Answer 45

spirochete, in water contaminated with animal urine **Leptospirosis**: flu-like sx, jaundice, photophobia w/ conjunctival suffusion (erythema w/o exudate) See among surfurs and in tropics Severe form: **Weil Disease**: icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis - jaundice, azotemia (liver/kidney dysfx), fever, hemorrhage, anemia