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1
Q

Herpesviruses

A

Enveloped (from nuc membrane), dsDNA, linear HSV-1, 2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6/7: roseola (exanthem subitum), HHV-8 (kaposi sarcoma)

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2
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

Enveloped, partially DS and circular

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3
Q

HBV

A

Hepadnavirus (enveloped, circular DNA)

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4
Q

Adenovirus

A

Naked, linear dsDNA Febrile pharyngitis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis

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5
Q

Parvovirus

A

naked, ssDNA (-) B19, Aplastic crises, slapped cheeks: erythema infectiosum (fifth dz)

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6
Q

Papillomavirus

A

Naked, circular dsDNA HPV

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7
Q

Polyomavirus

A

Naked circular dsDNA JC virus: PML in HIV BK virus: transplants, kidney

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8
Q

Poxvirus

A

Enveloped, dsDNA, linear (largest DNA virus) Smallpox, cowpox, molluscum contagiosum

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9
Q

Positive stranded RNA viruses:

A

Retro Toga Flavi Corona Hepe Calici Picorna

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10
Q

Nonenveloped RNA:

A

Calici, Picorna, Reo (dsRNA), Hepe

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11
Q

Rotavirus

A

Reovirus, linear dsRNA, naked, icosahedral, 10-12 segments

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12
Q

Picornavirus

A

Poliovirus Echovirus - aseptic meningitis Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis, herpangina, HFMD, myocarditis, pericarditis HAV PERCH on a pic

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13
Q

Hepatitis E

A

Hepevirus linear +ssRNA, naked, icosahedral

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14
Q

Norovirus

A

Calicivirus Naked, +ssRNA, linear, icosahedral

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15
Q

Flaviviruses:

A

Enveloped, +ssRNA, linear, icosahedral HCV Yellow fever Dengue St. Louis encephalitis West Nile Virus

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16
Q

Togaviruses:

A

enveloped, +ssRNA, linear, Icosahedral Rubella Eastern/Western equine encephalitis

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17
Q

Retroviruses

A

enveloped, +ssRNA, linear, have RT HTLV: icosahedral, T-cell leukemia HIV: complex, conical

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18
Q

Coronaviruses

A

enveloped, +ssRNA, linear, helical SARS, common cold

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19
Q

Influenza

A

Orthomyxo, -ssRNA, linear, 8 segments, helical

20
Q

Paramyxoviruses

A

Enveloped, -ssRNA, linear, helical All contain surface F protein, causes resp epithel cells to fuse and form multinuc cells Parainfluenza - croup RSV - bronchiolitis tx: ribavirin, pneumonia - palivizumab is MAb against F protein, prevents in preme Measles, Mumps

21
Q

Rhabdoviruses

A

enveloped, -ssRNA, linear, helical

22
Q

Filoviruses

A

enveloped, -ssRNA, linear, helical Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever, often fatal

23
Q

Arenaviruses

A

enveloped, -ssRNA, circular, 2 segments, helical LCMV

24
Q

Bunyaviruses

A

enveloped, -ssRNA, circular, 3 segments, helical California encephalitis, hantavirus

25
Q

HDV

A

Deltavirus Enveloped, -ssRNA, circular, requires HBV coinfection

26
Q

Negative stranded RNA viruses:

A

FAB PRO Filo, arena, bunya, paramyxo, rhabdo, orthomyxo Must transcribe - to +, brings its own RNA-dep RNA polymerase

27
Q

Segmented viruses:

A

BOAR RNA viruses, Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo

28
Q

Rubella

A

Togavirus, Naked, linear +ssRNA High fever, post. auricular LA, fine rash starts on face, spread centrifugally TORCHES infection: blueberry muffin baby b/c extramedullary hematopoiesis

29
Q

Roseola:

A

HHV-6, sometimes 7 High fevers, can cause seizures, followed by diffuse macular rash, starts on trunk, spreads peripherally

30
Q

Left off at Measles pg 164

31
Q

Which bugs make a toxin that ADP-ribosylate EF-2?

A

Diptheria (DT) and Pseudomonas (Exotoxin A)

Both AB toxins, block protein synth (G+ & G-)

32
Q

Which bugs make toxin that overactivates adenylate cyclase?

A

ETEC - heat LABILE toxin Cholera - permanently activates Gs

Pertussis: ADP ribosylates Gi, disables it - impairs phagocytosis Increase cAMP, causing Cl- secretion and H2O efflux in gut.

All AB toxins

33
Q

How do Shiga and Shiga-like toxin function?

A

Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA Both AB toxins, block protein synthesis

ST –> GI mucosal damage –> dysentery

ST and SLT both enhance cytokine release, –> HUS

EHEC does NOT invade host cells

34
Q

Which bug has a PRP capsule?

35
Q

Picorna Viruses: charact/imp ones

A

ss + linear naked RNA, PERCH on a Pic Polio Echo (aseptic meningitis) Rhinovirus Coxsackie (aseptic meningitis, herpangina, HFMD, myocarditis, pericarditis) HAV

36
Q

Catalase positive orgs:

A

PLACESS for cats

Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia

37
Q

Encapsulated orgs:

A

SHiNE SKiS

Strep pneumoniae, H influenzae B, Neisseria meningitidis, E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, group B Strep

38
Q

Spirochetes

A

BLT Borrelia (big), Leptospira, Treponema

39
Q

B anthracis toxin:

A

Trimeric exotoxin containing:

Protective antigen - translocates both toxins into the cell, necessary for funtion

Edema factor - mimics adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP and increase fluid secretion –> edematous borders of black eschar

Lethal Factor - zinc-dependent protease, inhibits MAPK signaling –> apoptosis and multisystem physiologic disruption

40
Q

Which bacterium has a polypeptide capsule (D-glutamate)?

A

B. anthracis G+ spore forming rod

41
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

Pertussis toxin: ADP-ribosylates Gi, which increases cAMP –> edema and impairs phagocytosis

42
Q

C. dif toxins

A

Toxin A: enterotoxin, binds brush border of gut. Recruits and activates neutrophils –> cytokine release that causes mucosal inflamm, fluid loss, diarrhea

Toxin B: cytotoxin, induces actin depolymerization –> mucosal cell death, bowel wall necrosis, and pseudomembrane formation

PCR detection of toxin genes for diagnosis!

43
Q

Genes for bacterial toxins in lysogenic phage:

A

SLT

Botox

Cholera

Diptheria toxin

Erythrogenic toxin of GAS

(BCDES)

44
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

G- rod, stains poorly use silver stain

Charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

detect Ag via urine EIA

Legionanaires disease: severe pneumonia, fever w/ relative bradycardia, GI - watery diarrhea, CNS sx, hyponatremia

45
Q

Leptospira interrogans

A

spirochete, in water contaminated with animal urine

Leptospirosis: flu-like sx, jaundice, photophobia w/ conjunctival suffusion (erythema w/o exudate)

See among surfurs and in tropics

Severe form: Weil Disease: icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis - jaundice, azotemia (liver/kidney dysfx), fever, hemorrhage, anemia

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