Micro

Question 1

RPR

Answer 1

test for syphilis

Question 2

main complication of PID

Answer 2

infertility

Question 3

causes of nongonococcal urethritis

Answer 3

Chlamydia trachomonas
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 4

Gram - diplococci
oxidase +
catalase +
chocolate agar
requires cystine
pili
PorB protein, Opa proteins, IgA1 protease

Answer 4

Neisseria Gonorrhea

Question 5

female asymptomatic carrier
dysuria and purulent discharge from urethra in males
vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, dysuria in females with cervix as main site of infection
Pustular rash over extremities, suppurative arthritis in wrists, knees & ankles

Answer 5

Neisseria Gonorrhea
Tx: ceftriaxone
Add azithromycin for chlamydia infection

Question 6

tightly coiled spirochetes with pointed ends
anaerobe
ID: dark field microscopy, VDRL test (CSF), RPR, FTA-ABS

Answer 6

Treponema pallidum

Question 7

Causes of false negative testing for syphilis (6)

Answer 7

1. acute febrile illness
2. pregnancy
3. post immunizations
4. chronic autoimmune infections involving the liver
5. malaria
6. drug addiction

Question 8

granulomatous lesions in bone, skin & other tissues caused by syphilis

Answer 8

gumma

Question 9

What phase?
painless ulcer with raised borders
regional lymphadenopathy

Answer 9

primary phase of syphilis infection

Question 10

What phase?
skin lesions (rash) all over body, including palms & bottom of feet, anorexia, sore throat, fever, headache, myalgias,

Answer 10

secondary phase of syphilis infection

often 6 weeks after primary infection

Question 11

What phase?
may involve all tissues
diffuse chronic inflammation
arteritis, blindness, dementia, gummas

Answer 11

late phase of syphilis infection

6-40 years after initial infection

Question 12

Gram - rod
obligate intracellular parasite
MOMP protein in cell wall
OMP2 outer membrane protein
elementary bodies
replicate within phagosomes

Answer 12

Chlamydia trachomatis

Tx: azithromycin or doxycycline

Question 13

most common STD in the US

Answer 13

chlamydia

Question 14

locations of receptors for elementary bodies of chlamydia

Answer 14

nonciliated columnar, cuboidal & transitional epithelium of urethra, endocervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes, anorectum, respiratory tract, conjunctivae

Question 15

leading cause of preventable blindness in children
transmitted by droplet, hands, contaminated clothing, flies
poor sanitation & personal hygeine

Answer 15

trachoma

Question 16

urethritis, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis

mucocutaneous lesions

Answer 16

Reiter syndrome

Question 17

Bartholinitis, cervicitis, endometritis, perihepatitis, salpingitis, urethritis, mucupurulent discharge

Answer 17

chlamydia symptomatic urogenital infection

Question 18

ocular infection
mucopurulent discharge
keratitis
corneal infiltrates
corneal vascularization & scarring

Answer 18

Adult inclusion conjunctivitis

Question 19

cause of lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 19

chlamydia

Question 20

genital ulcers in Africa & Asia

Answer 20

Haemophilus Ducreyi

Question 21

flagellated protozoan in urethra & vagina transmitted by sexual contact, fomites, vertical transmission.
Causes itching, burning, painful urination, watery vaginal discharge.
Men are asymptomatic carriers

Answer 21

Trichomonas vaginalis

Tx: metronidazole

Question 22

owl’s eye in enlarged cell
most common viral cause of congenital defects
establishes latent infection in lymphocytes & stromal cells of bone marrow
Reactivation of viral infection by immunosuppression

Answer 22

CMV

Question 23

replication in mucoepithelial cells & latent infection in innervating neurons
Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies
syncytia formation
clear vesicle on erythematous base
Tzanck smear

Answer 23

HSV

type 2 -> genital

Question 24

replication in squamous layer & mucosal layer then produces virus in terminally differentiated keratinocytes
enlarged keratinocytes with clear halos (koilocytes)
wart formation from inflammatory response

Answer 24

HPV

Question 25

most common oncogenic types of HPV

Answer 25

16 & 18

bivalent vaccine covers these strains

Question 26

quadrivalent vaccine covers which strains of HPV?

Answer 26

6, 11, 16, 18

Question 27

strains of HPV associated with laryngeal papillomas in children

Answer 27

6 & 11