Micro Flashcards
RPR
test for syphilis
main complication of PID
infertility
causes of nongonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia trachomonas
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Trichomonas vaginalis
Gram - diplococci oxidase + catalase + chocolate agar requires cystine pili PorB protein, Opa proteins, IgA1 protease
Neisseria Gonorrhea
female asymptomatic carrier
dysuria and purulent discharge from urethra in males
vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, dysuria in females with cervix as main site of infection
Pustular rash over extremities, suppurative arthritis in wrists, knees & ankles
Neisseria Gonorrhea
Tx: ceftriaxone
Add azithromycin for chlamydia infection
tightly coiled spirochetes with pointed ends
anaerobe
ID: dark field microscopy, VDRL test (CSF), RPR, FTA-ABS
Treponema pallidum
Causes of false negative testing for syphilis (6)
- acute febrile illness
- pregnancy
- post immunizations
- chronic autoimmune infections involving the liver
- malaria
- drug addiction
granulomatous lesions in bone, skin & other tissues caused by syphilis
gumma
What phase?
painless ulcer with raised borders
regional lymphadenopathy
primary phase of syphilis infection
What phase? skin lesions (rash) all over body, including palms & bottom of feet, anorexia, sore throat, fever, headache, myalgias,
secondary phase of syphilis infection
often 6 weeks after primary infection
What phase?
may involve all tissues
diffuse chronic inflammation
arteritis, blindness, dementia, gummas
late phase of syphilis infection
6-40 years after initial infection
Gram - rod obligate intracellular parasite MOMP protein in cell wall OMP2 outer membrane protein elementary bodies replicate within phagosomes
Chlamydia trachomatis
Tx: azithromycin or doxycycline
most common STD in the US
chlamydia
locations of receptors for elementary bodies of chlamydia
nonciliated columnar, cuboidal & transitional epithelium of urethra, endocervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes, anorectum, respiratory tract, conjunctivae
leading cause of preventable blindness in children
transmitted by droplet, hands, contaminated clothing, flies
poor sanitation & personal hygeine
trachoma
urethritis, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis
mucocutaneous lesions
Reiter syndrome
Bartholinitis, cervicitis, endometritis, perihepatitis, salpingitis, urethritis, mucupurulent discharge
chlamydia symptomatic urogenital infection
ocular infection mucopurulent discharge keratitis corneal infiltrates corneal vascularization & scarring
Adult inclusion conjunctivitis
cause of lymphogranuloma venereum
chlamydia
genital ulcers in Africa & Asia
Haemophilus Ducreyi
flagellated protozoan in urethra & vagina transmitted by sexual contact, fomites, vertical transmission.
Causes itching, burning, painful urination, watery vaginal discharge.
Men are asymptomatic carriers
Trichomonas vaginalis
Tx: metronidazole
owl’s eye in enlarged cell
most common viral cause of congenital defects
establishes latent infection in lymphocytes & stromal cells of bone marrow
Reactivation of viral infection by immunosuppression
CMV
replication in mucoepithelial cells & latent infection in innervating neurons
Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies
syncytia formation
clear vesicle on erythematous base
Tzanck smear
HSV
type 2 -> genital
replication in squamous layer & mucosal layer then produces virus in terminally differentiated keratinocytes
enlarged keratinocytes with clear halos (koilocytes)
wart formation from inflammatory response
HPV
